H A R B O R

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H A R B O R
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• Harbor ? kapal dapat masuk dan berlindung
  dari angin gelombang
• Port ? harbor dengan fasilitas untuk docking,
  cargo handling storage, dan transfer of
  passenger
• Marina ? shallow draft harbor terutama
  untuk kapal-kapal kecil untuk rekreasi

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HARBOR ENGINEERING
Protective structures
waterways
docks

loading
cargo
discharging
repair
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HARBOR
artificial
natural
seminatural
dredging
breakwater
HARBOR
military
commercial
refuge
municipal
Privately owned
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Karakter Penting untuk Harbor (commercial)

Easy access
Good anchorage
safe
During any condition of weather and state of tide
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• Size of a harbor
• Penggunaan tugs
• Jumlah dan ukuran kapal
• Existing site conditions

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1000 ft
750 ft
500 ft
channel
600 ft
piers
400 ft
1500 ft
Small Artificial Harbor
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Space for docks
Usual minimum harbor area
Free turning
2 length of the largest ship
Radius
Turning basin
Limited turning
Minimum diameter
20 length of the largest ship
gt
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Turning circle
200 ft
200 ft
800 ft
400 ft
1000 ft
Small boat basin
1800 ft
2250 ft
Medium-sized artificial harbor with full-sized
turning basin
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Breakwaters
Location extent
Size Direction of maximum waves
Configuration of the shoreline
Size of harbor to be protected
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Tujuan membuat harbor menjadi tenang Untuk
comfortable breathing wave height lt 2
ft sebaiknya wind speed lt 10 15 mi /
h Note angin arus sering lebih mengganggu
daripada waves
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Ship enters
Ship leaves
Two entrance harbor
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Not feasible or economical to construct a dock
Offshore mooring or Offshore anchorage area

• Ships carrying explosives or dangerous cargo
• Quarantine inspection
• To await docking space
• To await favorable weather conditions

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width
Small harbors 300 ft
Medium harbors 400 500 ft
Large harbors 500 1000 ft
Be careful with ebb flood tide (current)!!!
To reduce wave height
function
Harbor entrance
location
On the lee side
Effects on vertical surface
Increased wave heights
scour
reflection
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• NOTE
• gtgt arus dari ebb flood harus dicegah dari
  melebihi 4 ft/s, karena akan mengakibatkan
  gangguan navigasi dan scour
• gtgt untuk mencegah scour pada dinding vertikal
• Wave-deflecting walls
• Buat beach (wave-absorbing beach)
• Buat hollow structure
• Wave traps

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CHANNEL DEPTH Main criteria sufficient depth to
permit navigation at lowest low water when ships
are fullt-loaded Faktor lain surge of the ship
(about one half the wave height) squat when in
motion 1 m (2 4 ft) clearance under the
keel type of the bottom (soft mud / sand / hard
rock) draft of the largest ship (eg
supertankers ? deadweight tonnage 300.000 tons
draft gt 80 ft) tides - artificial tidal
working of ports - natural tidal working of
ports