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Plant Taxonomy (Taxonomy of Flowering Plants)

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Title: Plant Taxonomy (Taxonomy of Flowering Plants)


1
??????? ??????
2
Plant Taxonomy (Taxonomy of Flowering Plants)
3
?????? ???? The Living Organism ?????
????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????
????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????
????????. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????
????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????.
4
??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????
????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????
?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???
?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????????? (Protoplasm).
????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??
?????? ????????. ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????
???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????
????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????
???????? ????????.
5
?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????
????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???
????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????
?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???
?????. ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????
??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????
????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????.
6
????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????
????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????
??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????
???????? ?? ?????. ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????
???? ???????? ????????? ????????. ??????? ??? ??
??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????
??? ?????. ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????
?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??
??? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????
?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???
???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????
???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????
?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????
???????? ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????
??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????
???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????
??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????
???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????.
7
?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???
??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??
???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????
???? ?? ????? ????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ????
?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????
???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???
???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????
????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????
?????? ????? ???? ???????. ?????? ?? ?????
????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????
?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????
????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
?????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????
??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????.
8
??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????
??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????
?????? ??? ?? ?????. ????? ??????? ???????? ??
????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????.
????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????
???? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????
??? ???? ???? ?????? Botany ????? ???? ???
??????? Zoology ????????? ?????????. ??? ?????
???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????
?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? -
Biology.
9
????? ????? ???????? ?????1. ??????? ???????
???????? ????? ??????? ????????
??????? ????????? 2. ??????? ??????? ????????
????? (????? ??? ?????) ???????
???????? ????? ??????????
??????? ?????????3. ??????? ???????
(????? ???????) ??????? ????????
????? ?????????? ?????
????????? ??????? ?????????
10
4. ??????? ??????? (????? ?????)???????
???????? ????? ?????????? ?????
???????? ????? ????????? ???????
?????????
11
Five Kingdoms
  • Kingdom Monera
  • Kingdom Protista
  • Kingdom Fungi
  • Kingdom Plantae
  • Kingdom Animalia

12
Kingdoms
  • Monera bacteria, blue-green algae and
    spirochetes
  • Protista protozoans and algae of various types
  • Fungi funguses, molds, mushrooms, yeasts,
    mildews and smuts
  • Plantae (plants) mosses, ferns, woody and
    non-woody flowering plants
  • Animalia (animals) sponges, worms, insects,
    fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????
??????
??????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????
??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????
?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????
16
???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??
??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????
?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???
??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???
??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????
???????? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ???????
????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???
??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????
???? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????.
17
??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???
????? (????? ??? 380 ?. ?.)? ?? ??? ????????
?????? (??? 356 ?. ?.) ???? ???????? ?????????
????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??????. ??? ??? ???
???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???
???? ???? ?????????? (?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??
?????? ?? ??? 370 285 ?. ?. ??? ??? ??????
?????) ???? "??????? ??????? ????????". ??? ????
??? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??
??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? (??? 37 ???????)
???? ??????? ???????? ?? "?????? ??????" ??????
????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??????. ???
????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??
????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????
?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? (????? (Linnaeus
???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? 1707 1778 ????????? ?????
????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????
?????? ???? ????? ?????? (????? ?????? ????????
???????? ??????? ??????) ???? ?????????? ???????
?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ???
???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????
????? ??????? ??????.
18
???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????
??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????. ???
???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? (700 765 ?)?
??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????
??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????
(865 925 ?)? ?? ??? ???? (980 1037 ?)? ???
??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????. ??? ??????
????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????
??????? (1197 1248 ?)? ?? ??????? ??????? ???
????? (1304 1369 ?)? ????? ???????? ????
??????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????
???????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????.
19
???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????
???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????
?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????
?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???
?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???
???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??
??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????.
20
  • ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??
    ?????? ???????
  • ??? ????? ??????? Morphology
  • ??? ??????? ?? ??????? Anatomy
  • ??? ?????? ???????? Plant Ecology
  • ??? ?????? ???????? Systematic Botany
  • ??? ???????? Mycology
  • ??? ????? ?????? Plant Pathology
  • ??? ????? ??????? Physiology
  • ??? ?????? Cytology
  • ??? ??????? Genetics
  • ??? ????????? - Bacteriology
  • ??? ????????? - Virology
  • ??? ??????? - Phycology

21
?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????
???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????
??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ??????
???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????
????????? ?? ???????? Economic or Applied
Botany? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????
?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????
?? ??????.
22
???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????
??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????
?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????
?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???
???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????.
???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????
??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????.
??? ??? ?? 1- ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. 2-
???????? ???????. 3- ?????? ??? ???????. 4-
???????? ?????? ???????. 5- ????? ???????? ??????
???????.
23
????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????
  • ????? ????? ?? ??? (380 ?. ?. 1708?)
  • ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????
    ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???
    ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????
    ??????? ?????.
  • ????? ?????? ?? ??? (1707 1708?)
  • ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????
    ???????? ???????? ??? ????????. ??? ???? ?????
    ??? ????? ????? ????????.

24
  • ????? ?????? ?? ??? (1744 1911?)
  • ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????????
    ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???
    ???????? ???????? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ???
    ????? ????? ?????? - ?????.
  • ????? ??????
  • ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????
    ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???
    (13) ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ???
    ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????.

25
????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????
????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????
???????? ???? ?????.
?? ?? ??????
26
????? ???? ??? ????? ????????
  • ?? ????? ????? ????????
  • 1- ????? ???????? (??????? ???????).
  • 2- ????? ???????? (?????? ???????? ??? ????????).
  • ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????
  • 1- ?????? ????????.
    2- ??? ??????? ????????.
  • 3- ????? ????????.
    4- ???????.

27
  • ??????? ?????????
  • ???????
  • ?????
  • ??? ?????
  • ??????? ?? ????
  • ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????
  • ??????
  • ??????? ?? ???????
  • ?????
  • ????? (???? ???? ???????)
  • ?????

28
  • Taxonomic rankings
  • Kingdom
  • Division
  • Subdivision
  • Class
  • Subclass
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species (smallest)
  • Variety

29
  • ????
  • ??????? ????????
  • ????? ???????? ???????
  • ??? ????? ?????? ??????
  • ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????????
  • ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????
  • ?????? ????????
  • ??????? ???????
  • ????? ?????
  • ????? ??????

30
  • Example
  • Kingdom Plantae
  • Division Spermatophyto
  • Subdivision Angiospermae
  • Class Dicotyledoeae
  • Subclass Archichlamydeae
  • Order Rosales
  • Family Rosaceae
  • Genus Rosa
  • Species gallica

31
????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????
?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????
(Genus)? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? (???
?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????)? ????
??????? ??? ??? ????? (Species)? ????? ???? ?????
?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? Triticum
vulgare ? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????
??? ??? (Variety) ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???
????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???
?????? ???? Gossypium barbadense var.
karnak. ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???
??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? (?? ?????? ??????) ??
??? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ????? ????
Allium cepa L. ? ??? ???? ??? "L" ??? ??????
"Linnaeus" ???? ??? ?????.
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