The Middle Colonies

1
The Middle Colonies

• Chapter 4
• Section 2

2
New Netherland Becomes New York

• New Netherland (NY) was set up by Dutch colonists
  along the Hudson River.
• At the beginning who did they trade with and for
  what?
• Before the colony was named New Netherland it was
  named New Amsterdam.

3
New Netherland Becomes New York

• To encourage farming the Dutch gave large pieces
  of land to a few rich families. How long could
  one parcel of land be?
• One of these estates was as large as what? What
  were the owners called?
• In exchange for the land the patroons promised to
  to settle at least 50 European families on the
  land in order to farm.

4
New Netherland Becomes New York

• Did the families want to work for the patroons?
  What could the patroons do?
• Most settlers lived in the trading center of New
  Amsterdam.
• Why did they come to New Amsterdam?

5
New Netherland Becomes New York

• African slaves made up more than a quarter of the
  population of the town.
• Dutch settlers were mainly Protestants. Did they
  allow other settlers from different religions to
  buy land?
• In 1664, the rivalry between England and the
  Netherlands for trade and colonies was at its
  climax.
• August 1664, English warships enter New
  Amsterdams harbor.

6
New Netherland Becomes New York

• The governor of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesant
  swore to defend his colony.
• But what did he have little of?
• What else was Peter Stuyvesants problem?

7
New Netherland Becomes New York

• Stuyvesant was a harsh governor and he had heavy
  taxes. This caused him to have little support
  from the settlers. At the end he surrendered
  without firing a shot.
• King Charles II of England gave New Netherland to
  his brother the Duke of York and he renamed the
  colony New York.

8
New Jersey Separates From New York

• When the English took over New Amsterdam, New
  York spread as far south to?
• What did the Duke of York think?
• What did the Duke of York do?

9
New Jersey Separates From New York

• Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret set up
  proprietary colonies which they called NEW JERSEY
  D! in 1664.
• Define proprietary colony.
• What were the proprietor free to do?

10
New Jersey Separates From New York

• Like New York, New Jersey was fertile and wealth
  which attracted many settlers from where?
• In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony which
  meant what?
• What did the did the colonys charter protect?

11
The Founding of Pennsylvania

• Who founded Pennsylvania and when?
• Penn came from a wealth British family and he was
  very close friends with King Charles II.
• What did Penn do that shocked his family and
  friends?

12
The Founding of Pennsylvania

• Quakers were Protestant reformers.
• Their reforms went further than those of other
  groups. They believed that all people were equal
  in Gods eyes.
• What did they allow? What did they speak out
  against?
• What did most English people think of them?

13
The Founding of Pennsylvania

• Quakers were arrested, fined, and hung for their
  ideas. Because of this Penn knew that the Quakers
  had to leave New England.
• Being a good friend of King Charles II he turned
  to him for help.
• King Charles II granted Penn a royal charter
  naming Penn the proprietor of a large piece of
  land.
• What did the king name this new colony?

14
The Founding of Pennsylvania

• What did Penn think of his colony?
• He wanted it to be the model of religious
  freedom, peace, and Christian living.
• Who came to Pennsylvania?
• Penns beliefs lead him to speak out for fair
  treatment of Indians. Penn believed that the land
  in North America belonged to the Indians.
• What did he insist? What happened as a result?

15
The Founding of Pennsylvania

• Penn sent out pamphlets describing his colony
  over Europe. Settlers soon came from where?
• Who were among the new settlers and what did they
  become know as?
• African slaves made up 1/3rd of all new arrivals
  between 1730 1750. Most stayed in the capital
  working as labors.

16
The Founding of Pennsylvania

• What did Penn call the capital? What does it
  mean?
• The lower lands along the Delaware River were
  known as what?
• What did the settlers in this area not want to
  do?
• In 1701, Penn allowed them to elect their own
  assembly and later in 1704 this area broke away
  to form the colony of Delaware.

17
Life in the Middle Colonies

• What did most people make a living from?
• Which did the settlers like better New England
  Colonies or the Middle Colonies? Why?
• What did they grow? What were these crops called?
• The Middle Colonies exported so much that they
  became known as what?
• What did the farmers raise?

18
Life in the Middle Colonies

• They sent tons of_________ to ports of New York
  and Philadelphia.
• The goods went to New England, the South, West
  Indies, England and other parts of Europe.
• Some farmers had slaves but most had farmhands
  who worked along side the farmer and his family.

19
Life in the Middle Colonies

• In the Middle Colonies there were also skilled
  artisans.
• What did Pennsylvania become the center of? What
  were some of the items crafted there?
• The Delaware Colony profited from rich deposits
  of iron ore. What did they use it for?

20
Life in the Middle Colonies

• Why were towns not that important?
• What became the centers of local government?
• Describe how the homes in the Middle Colonies
  were different?
• Houses were self-sufficient. They had everything
  that was necessary to survive.

21
Life in the Middle Colonies

• In the 1700s thousands of German and
  Scotch-Irish settlers came to Philadelphia. Where
  did they go?
• Was this area easier to farm or more difficult
  than that of Philadelphia?
• They learned how to use knots from pine trees as
  candles to light their homes.
• They made wooden dishes, gathered honey from
  hollow trees, and hunted wild animals.

22
Life in the Middle Colonies

• German gunsmiths created light weight rifles for
  hunting. What was it called?
• Many of these settlers settled on Indian lands.
  More often than not these settlers fought with
  the Indians (Remember Penn had made Pennsylvania
  a peaceful colony).