Human Anatomy/Physiology

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Human Anatomy/Physiology

• Reproduction Slides

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27.2 Reproductive anatomy of the human female
HUMAN REPRODUCTION

• Ovaries
• Contain follicles that nurture eggs
• Produce sex hormones
• Oviducts
• Convey eggs to the uterus

Ovaries
Oviduct
Follicles
Corpus luteum
Uterus
Wall of uterus
Endometrium(lining of uterus)
Cervix(neck of uterus)
Vagina
Figure 27.2A
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• Uterus

• Development of fertilized egg
• Opens into the vagina
• Vagina
• Receives penis during intercourse
• Forms the birth canal

Ovaries
Oviduct
Follicles
Corpus luteum
Uterus
Wall of uterus
Endometrium(lining of uterus)
Cervix(neck of uterus)
Vagina
Figure 27.2A
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• Ovulation

• An egg cell is released from a follicle at the
  surface of an ovary
• The orange mass below the ejected oocyte is part
  of the ovary

Eggcell
Figure 27.2B
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Oviduct
Ovary
Uterus
Bladder(excretory system)
Rectum(digestive system)
Pubic bone
Cervix
Urethra(excretory system)
Shaft
Vagina
Glans
Clitoris
Prepuce
Bartholins gland
Labia minora
Labia majora
Vaginal opening
Figure 27.2C
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Bladder(excretorysystem)
Seminalvesicle(behindbladder)
Prostate gland
Bulbourethralgland
Urethra
Erectile tissueof penis
Scrotum
Vas deferens
Epididymis
Testis
Glans ofpenis
Figure 27.3B
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Bladder(excretorysystem)
Seminal vesicle
Rectum(digestive system)
Pubic bone
Vas deferens
Erectile tissueof penis
Ejaculatoryduct
Prostate gland
Urethra
Vas deferens
Bulbourethral gland
Glans of penis
Epididymis
Testis
Scrotum
Prepuce
Figure 27.3A
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Stimuli from otherareas in the brain
Hypothalamus
Releasinghormone
Anteriorpituitary
Negative feedback
FSH
LH
Androgenproduction
Testis
Spermproduction
Figure 27.3D
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• Development of an ovarian follicle

Start
PRIMARY OOCYTE
Degeneratingcorpus luteum
within follicle
CORPUS LUTEUM
Growingfollicles
Mature follicle
SECONDARYOOCYTE
Ovary
Ruptured follicle
OVULATION
Figure 27.4C
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(1)
Inhibited by combinationof estrogen and
progesterone
CONTROL BY HYPOTHALAMUS
Hypothalamus
Stimulated by highlevels of estrogen
Releasinghormone
Anterior pituitary
FSH
LH
(2)
PITUITARY HORMONESIN BLOOD
LH peak triggersovulation andcorpus
luteumformation
LH
FSH
FSH
LH
Figure 27.5
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(3)
OVARIAN CYCLE
Corpusluteum
Degeneratingcorpusluteum
Growingfollicle
Maturefollicle
Ovulation
Post-ovulatory phase
Pre-ovulatory phase
Progesteroneand estrogen
Estrogen
(4)
OVARIAN HORMONESIN BLOOD
Estrogen
Progesterone
Progesteroneand estrogen
Estrogen
(5)
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Endometrium
Figure 27.5 (continued)
Days
Menstruation
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27.9 Fertilization results in a zygote and
triggers embryonic development
PRINCIPLES OF EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

• The shape of a human sperm cell is adapted to its
  function

Middlepiece
Neck
Head
Plasma membrane
Tail
Mitochondrion(spiral shape)
Nucleus
Acrosome
Figure 27.9B
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• Only one of these sperm will penetrate this human
  egg cell to initiate fertilization

• Fertilization is the union of a sperm and an egg
  to form a diploid zygote

Figure 27.9A
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• Process of fertilization

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The spermapproachesthe egg
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The spermsacrosomal enzymesdigest the eggs
jelly coat
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Proteins on thesperm head bindto egg receptors
SPERM
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The plasma membranesof sperm and egg fuse
Spermhead
The spermnucleus enters the egg
cytoplasm
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Nucleus
Acrosome
Acrosomalenzymes
Afertilizationenvelopeforms
Plasmamembrane
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Receptor protein molecules
Plasmamembrane
Spermnucleus
Vitellinelayer
Cytoplasm
Eggnucleus
Jellycoat
The nucleiof spermand egg fuse
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EGG CELL
Zygotenucleus
Figure 27.9C