Warm Up

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Warm Up

• Explain the difference between psychological and
  biomedical therapy?
• How would a psychoanalytic therapist treat
  someone?
• How would a Humanistic therapist treat someone?
• How would a behaviorist therapist treat someone?
• What is the difference between systematic
  desensitization and flooding?
• List 2 difference between the psychoanalytic
  perspective and behavioral
• 7. How could a token economy help someone with an
  anxiety disorder?

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Chapter 17 pt. 2 Cognitive and Biomedical
Therapy
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The Most Dominant Therapy is the Cognitive
Approach
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Assumption and Goal of Cognitive Therapy

• Cognitive Therapy assumes that thoughts exist
  between events and responses. A persons
  response depends on how they interpret the
  situation.
• Goal of Cognitive therapy is to teach people new
  and more realistic, helpful, and adaptive
  patterns of thinking and acting.
• Want to See glass half-full instead of
  half-empty!!

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Negative Thought Patterns (Cognition) Leads to
Depression
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Aaron Becks Views on Depression (NOT IN BOOK)

• Beck believed the key to understanding depression
  was in an individuals thought patterns.
• Argued depressed peoples negative thought
  patterns and creation of negative schemas caused
  them to misinterpret the world which often caused
  them to feel worthless and incompetent.
• Depressed people tend to view world with dark
  sunglasses.

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Becks Examples of Negative Schemas (NOT IN BOOK)

• Arbitrary Interference drawing negative
  conclusions from an event without any evidence.
• Ex After an argument thinking that person
  hates me.
• Dichotomous Thinking irrational all or nothing
  thinking.
• Ex I cant be happy unless everyone likes me.
  

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Albert Elliss Rational Emotive Therapy (NOT IN
BOOK)

• Albert Ellis also believed that peoples
  maladaptive thoughts led to maladaptive emotional
  responses.
• He promoted a form of treatment known as Rational
  Emotive Therapy involves getting patients to
  recognize the irrationalities within their
  thought patterns and helping them create
  healthier forms of thinking and behaving.

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Rational Emotive Therapy is a Form of
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

• Cognitive-Behavior Therapy aims to alter the
  way people think (ex irrational thought
  patterns) and act (ex compulsions).

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Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy
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Nearly all Psychotherapies can be Conducted as
Group Therapies

• Less costly and time consuming therapy is often
  effective b/c it helps people see that they are
  not alone in their problem.
• Family Therapy assumes no person is an island
  and that we grow in relation to our families but
  we also seek to differentiate from them which
  leads to friction.
• Therapy focuses on maintaining healthy
  relationships.

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Effectiveness of Psychotherapy? How do We
Evaluate?

• Is it therapy that helps people get better or
  would it occur naturally?
• Regression towards the Mean the tendency for
  for unusual emotions (depression/sadness) or
  events to return (regress) toward their average
  state with time.

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Effectiveness of Psychotherapy? How do We
Evaluate?

• In order to test impact of treated vs. untreated,
  studies using meta-analysis must be used.
• Meta-analysis procedure for statistically
  combining the results of many different research
  studies.

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Meta-analysis Illustrates Success of Psychotherapy
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Which Therapies work for which problems

• There is no best therapy
• No difference between group and ind.
• Cognitive and behavior therapy- depression
• Cognitive, exposure- Anxiety
• Cognitive and behavior- Bulimia
• Behavior modification- bed wetting
• Behavior- phobias, OCD

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Alternative Therapy

• 1. Therapeutic Touch
• No human energy field
• 2. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing
• Maybe
• But probably.
• 1. Placebo and reliving trauma
• 3. Light Exposure
• Good for SAD

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Who Conducts Therapy?
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Who Conducts Therapy?

• Clinical psychologists
• Most are psychologists with a Ph.D. and expertise
  in research, assessment, and therapy,
  supplemented by a supervised internship.
• About half work in agencies and institutions,
  half in private practice.

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Who Conducts Therapy?

• Clinical or Psychiatric social worker
• A two-year Master of Social Work graduate program
  plus postgraduate supervision prepares some
  social workers to offer psychotherapy, mostly to
  people with everyday personal and family
  problems.
• About half have earned the National Association
  of Social Workers designation of clinical social
  worker.

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Who Conducts Therapy?

• Counselors
• Marriage and family counselors specialize in
  problems arising from family relations.
• Pastoral counselors provide counseling to
  countless people.
• Abuse counselors work with substance abusers and
  with spouse and child abusers and their victims.

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Who Conducts Therapy?

• Psychiatrists
• Physicians who specialize in the treatment of
  psychological disorders.
• Not all psychiatrists have had extensive training
  in psychotherapy, but as M.D.s they can prescribe
  medications. Thus, they tend to see those with
  the most serious problems.
• Many have a private practice.

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Therapies outside of Psychotherapy Are Often
Biomedical

• The biomedical perspective focuses on altering
  body chemistry.
• Biomedical perspective is rooted in discoveries
  of psychopharmacology study of the effect of
  drugs on the mind and behavior.

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Social Effects of Drug Treatments
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Drug Treatments Antipsychotics

• Antipsychotics are used to treat psychotic
  disorders like schizophrenia.
• Antipsychotics helps those experiencing both
  positive and negative symptoms.
• Most Common Examples
• Thorazine alleviates delusions/hallucinations.
• Clozaril alleviates negative symptoms and
  social withdrawal.

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Drug Treatments Anxiolytics (Anti-Anxiety)

• Anti-Anxiety drugs depress nervous system
  activity.
• Often most heavily abused prescription drug.
• Most common examples are
• Valium
• Librium
• Xanax

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Drug Treatments Anti-depressants

• Most anti-depressants increase the availability
  of norepinephrine and serotonin which elevates
  arousal and mood.
• Most common examples are
• Prozac
• Zoloft
• Paxil

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Drug TreatmentsBipolar Disorder

• The salt lithium is most frequently used to treat
  the mood swings of bipolar disorder.
• Decreases adrenaline and increases serotonin.

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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

• Electroconvulsive Therapy used to treat the
  severely depressed after other treatments have
  failed.
• Success rate is high.
• Side effects can include some memory loss.

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Psychosurgery is Most Drastic Intervention

• Psychosurgery involves removing or destroying
  brain tissue in an effort to change behavior.
• Best known procedure is a lobotomy Ice pick
  like instrument is put through the eye sockets
  cutting the links between the frontal lobes and
  the emotional control centers. Used to be used
  to cure uncontrollably violent patients but now
  very rare.

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Lobotomy