Algae

1
Algae
Phycology ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????
2
??????? ?????? General characteristic

• ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? (??????? (Thallophyta
  ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????
  ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??
  ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? (Coenocytes)
  ?????? ?? ??? ??????.
• ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????
  ????? ???? ?? ????? (????? ?????? (Phytoplankton
  ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? (????? ?????
  (Phytobenthose
• ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??
  ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????
  ???????? ???????? ????????? . ???? ??????? ???
  ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? Diatoms ??
  ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ??Charophyta ??? ????
  ?????? ????? ?????.
• ????? ??????? Autotrophs ????? ??? ??????????
  ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
• ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 50 ??
  ?????? ??????? ???????? CO2 ?????? ?????
  ?????????

3
Morphological characteristic

• ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????
• Unicellular algae
• ?????? ???Chlamydomonas ??? ?????? ???
  Chlorella
• Multicellular algae
• ???????? Colonies ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???
  ??? ????? ?????? ??????
• ?????? Collection ???? ???? ?? ???????
  ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????
• Filamentous algae
• Simple filaments algae ??? Spirogyra
• Branched filaments??? Cladophora
• Differentiated filaments?? ??? ??? ????
  ???? ???? ??? Ectocarpus

4

1. ???? ???? Coenocytes ???? ??????? ???? ???????
   ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? Vaucheria
2. ????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???????
   Ulva

????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???

1. ????? ????? Cladophora
2. ????? ?????? Vaucheria
3. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????
4. ????? ?????
5. ????? ??????? ??? ?????
6. ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????

5
??????? ?????????? ???????

• ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????
• ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????
  ????? ???????
• ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????
  ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????
  ?????????? ??? ?????
• ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????
  ??????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??????? ????????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????
• ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ????????
  ?????? ???
• ????????? ?? ??????? ??????
• ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????
  ???????? (?????? ) ?????????? (???????? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ???????) ???????? ?????????? ??
  ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
• ?????? ?????????? ((Carbohydrates ?Red
  algae
• ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????
  ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????
• ((Emulsions and suspensions???? ???? ?? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ?? ??????
  ???? ?????? ?????? ????????

6

• ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???
• ??????? ?????
  ???????Goiter Sargassum ?
• ?? ???? ??????????
  ??????? ? Gelidium
• 
  ????????? ????? Laminaria ?
• 
  ???? ??????? Digenia ?
• ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????
  ??????? ????? 20-30 ?? ???? ?????? ??????????
• ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????
  ????? ??????? ????????
• Chorellin ?Chorella
• ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????????
  ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????? ????
  ????

7
Algae classification
8
Algae Classification

• ???? ??? ????
• ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????
• ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? Storage materials
• ??? ??????? ????? ??????
• ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????
• ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????

9

• ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????
  ????????
• ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? (?????? ?? ?????
  ??? ??????? ??????? ????????)

????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
?????? Chlorophylcarotene Xanthophill ??????? ???????
?????? Chlorophyl - phycocyanin ??????? ??????? ???????
?????? Fucoerthrin a-caroten phycoxanthin Chlorophyl ??????? ???????
????? phycoxanthin- ß-carotene , Chlorophyl ??????
?????? ß-caroten, Chlorophyl ??????? ???????
????? ?????? (??????) Xanthophill, ß-carotene - phycoxanthin - Chlorophyl ??????? ??????? ??????? (???????)
10
Phylum ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????
Euglenophyta (Unicellular) Chlorophylcarotene Xanthophill (??????????? ???????) ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? Paramylon bodies ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? (??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????) ????? ???????? ?????? (???????? ???????) ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????
Chlorophyta (Unicellular ????? ?? ??? ????? Colonies - filamentous) Chlorophyl carotene phycoerthrin Fucoxanthin (??????????? ???????) ????? ??????? ????? (????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? Pyrenoids) ?? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? Cellulose Pectin ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? Ulva ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????
11
Phylum ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????
Cyanophyta ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ???????? ????? Nostoc and Oscillatoria Chlorophyl phycobilins (phycoerthrin phycocyanin ) (??? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????Chromatoplast (Thylakoids phycobilins (??????) ????? ??????? Cyanopheceen starch (?????? ????? ??? ????? Thylakoids Proteins and oils ????? ????? ???? (?????? ??????? ???????? (N-acetyl mumaric acid) ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? (????? ???? ????????? ???? ???) ?????? ?????? ???????? ????
BACILLARIOPHYTA (Unicellular ????? ? Colonies - filamentous) ?????? Diatoms Chlorophylcarotene fucoxanthin (??????????? ???????) ????? ??????? ???? ? ??? (??????????????Chrysolaminarine) ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? Cellulose Pectin silica ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????
12
Phylum ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????
Phaeophyta ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?Kelps ????? ????? ??? Octocarpus ?? ???? ????? ??? Macrocystis Fucus Chlorophylcarotene fucoxanthin ) ( ????????? ???????) ????? ??????? ???? ? ??? (??????????????Chrysolaminarine)- mannitol ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? Cellulose Algin ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????
Rhodophyta ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? Gelidium Chlorophylcarotene Fucoerthrin phycocyanin (??????????? ???????) ????? ??????? ???? ? ??? Floridean starch ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? Cellulose Pectin calciumcarrageen ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????
13
Phylum ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????
Pyrophyta ?????? ????? ?????? Ceratium Chlorophyl Carotene ????? ??????? starch ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????
Xanthophyta ???? ???? ??? Vaucheria Chlorophylcarotene Xanthophyl ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? cellulose Pectin ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????
Chrysophya (Unicellular ????? ?????? Chromulina Chlorophylcarotene fucoxanthin ????? ??????? ???? ? ??? leucosin ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? Pectin silica ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????
14
????? ???? ???????
15
Diatoms

• ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????
  Bacillariophyceae
• ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????
• ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????
  (?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????
  ???????)
• ????? ??????? ???????? ???????
• ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????
  Leucosin
• ?????? ????? ????????
• ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????

16
Chlamydomonas

1. ???? ??????
2. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????
3. ?? ?????
4. ?? ???? ?????? ????? Pyrenoid

Stigma
17
Spirogyra

• ????? ???? ???? ?????
• ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????????
• ???? ??????? ??????
• ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??Pyrenoids
• ?????? ???? ??? ????