Napoleon Bonaparte

1
Napoleon Bonaparte
2
Early Life

• Born August 17, 1769 on the island of Corsica.
• Growing up, he despised the French. Thought they
  were oppressors.
• Father sent him to a French military academy
  where he excelled at math.

3
The Little Corporal

• Rose quickly in the army
• Dec. 1793 drove British from port city Toulon
• Napoleon gained fame in battles against Austria

4
Egypt 1798

• Goal was to disrupt British trade
• Campaign disastrous for the French
• Napoleon hid the losses by creating a network of
  spies and censoring the press.
• His popularity in France continues to grow.

5
Please select a Team.

1. Guys
2. Gals

6
What does censorship mean?

1. Restriction of information
2. Restriction of travel
3. Restriction of goods
4. Restriction of money.

7
Directory

• France's executive power between 1795 and 1799
• There were five members, or directors, and each
  was elected
• It was effective in its first years, but then
  corruption and self-service set in

8
Overthrow

• 1799 Napoleon helps overthrow the directory
• Sets up the Consulate
• Napoleon takes title First Consul
• 1802 names himself consul for life

9
What term is used for the overthrow of a
government?

1. Elections
2. Coup detat
3. Hors d'œuvre
4. plebiscite

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Racing Leader Board
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Participant Scores
2 Participant 15
2 Participant 18
2 Participant 3
2 Participant 10
2 Participant 16





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Consulate

• First Consul of France a three man governing
  board
• Important Problems facing Napoleon
• How do you bring peace to France with so much
  separation among the classes?

13
Bourgeoisie

• Jobs in the Government and Army
• Promoted Trade and Industry
• Placed taxes on imports
• National Bank

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Who are the Bourgeoisie?

1. Nobles
2. Peasants
3. Educated middle class
4. Proletariats

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Peasants and Workers

• Trade makes new jobs(Trickle down effect)
• Set price of food to control inflation
• Kept land they gained during revolution

16
Nobles

• Émigrés were needed to return because of their
  wealth and knowledge
• Offered pardons
• High government jobs(Educated)

17
Clergy

• Concordat of 1801
• France would appoint the clergy and the Pope
  would approve the appointment

18
More reforms

• Opened jobs to all based on talent
• Encouraged new industry and built roads and canals

19
What is the word for things such as roads,
bridges, and canals?

1. Infrastructure
2. Byways
3. Gridlock
4. Industry

20
Team MVP
Points Team Participant
4 Gals 13
4 Guys 3








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Fastest Responders (in seconds)
3.34 Participant 15
4.56 Participant 8
6.16 Participant 14
6.56 Participant 20
8.98 Participant 6





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Racing Leader Board
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Napoleonic Code

• Freedom of Religion
• Property rights (male)
• NO more birth rights

24
The Napleoonic Code reflects what rights?

1. Birth Rights
2. Natural Rights
3. Right to travel beyond borders
4. Right to taxes

25
Education

• National Military Academy
• Board of Education
• Established curriculum

26
Emperor Napoleon

• Appointed himself
• Referendum or Election (no opponent)
• No freedom of press
• Secret police
• Crowned himself emperor of France, taking the
  Crown from the Pope- No higher authority than him

27
What is a referendum?

1. Royal decree
2. Military orders
3. Overthrow the government by force
4. Deciding a political question by vote

28
Trafalgar

• October 21, 1805
• In an attempt to break the British blockade on
  France, Napoleon decided to send his naval fleet
  to Spain so that they could lead the British
  fleet over with them, join up with the Spanish
  fleet, and use the Franco-Spanish fleet to defeat
  the British. This plan backfired when the French
  fleet, after meeting up with the Spanish, got
  trapped in a harbor without any defenses or
  backup. Nelson, seeing his opportunity, destroyed
  the Franco-Spanish fleet. The losses for France
  were ten times the losses of England's, but
  Nelson was killed in the battle. This battle
  destroyed any chance of Napoleon ever taking
  England.

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Battle of Austerlitz

• French defeat Austrian and Russian Troops
• December 2, 1805
• Napoleon, by making the Russian and Austrian
  armies think that he had less troops than he
  actually did, tricked the two allied armies into
  creating a battle plan that worked for them in
  the beginning. However, when Napoleon's scheduled
  reinforcements arrived, the French army was soon
  able to crush its enemies. The Allies' losses
  were a staggering three and a half times the
  losses of Napoleon's army. This battle is often
  characterized as Napoleon's finest victory.

30
Continental System

• Napoleon banned all European countries from
  trading with the British. If they did, it would
  be considered an act of war.

31
Peninsular War

• When Portugal refused to follow the decrees and
  Spain revolted against France, French forces
  moved into Spain and Portugal starting the
  Peninsular War. Marshal Joachim Murat seized
  Madrid in 1808. The people of Spain used guerilla
  tactics to kill the French soldiers. The soldiers
  retaliated by killing ten Spanish for every dead
  soldier. However, the Spanish kept on striking
  and Spain became the "ulcer of the French
  Empire."
• In 1808, Napoleon removed King Ferdinand VII of
  Spain and put his brother Joseph Bonaparte in
  control of Spain. Marshal Murat took Josephs
  place as king of Naples

32
Tsar violates Continental System

• On December 31, 1810, Alexander I of Russia
  withdrew from the Continental System. Feeling
  betrayed and needing a scapegoat, Napoleon blamed
  Alexander I for the failure of the Continental
  System. He raised an army of 600,000 men and
  prepared to attack Russia

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Grand Army invades Russia

• French Army was over 600,000 men

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Scorch Earth

• Russian defensive technique to slow down invasion

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Biggest Russian Advantage?

• Be able to explain why?

36
Fall of Moscow

• Napoleon pushed on to Moscow only to find the
  city empty. Parts of the city were also on fire,
  set by the retreating Russian army. Napoleon
  waited in Moscow for Alexander to offer peace,
  but no offer came. In mid-October, Napoleon
  ordered the retreat.

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Fall of the Grand Army

• The retreat was devastating. The bitter winter
  killed many troops. Many soldiers couldnt stand
  the conditions and committed suicide. Of the
  600,000 men in Napoleons army, only 30,000 made
  it back alive.

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Battle of Nations

• However, Napoleons forces were outnumbered. In
  October, Napoleon lost at the Battle of Nations
  at Leipzig. Napoleon retreated to Paris with the
  Coalition close behind.
• Learning of the fall of Paris and the
  unwillingness of the army to fight on, Napoleon
  abdicated at Fontainebleau on April 11, 1814.

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Exiled to Elba

• Plans to regain his power

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Hundred Days

• Napoleon invades France
• Soldiers sent to stop him actually joined him
• Regains power

41
Battle of Waterloo

• Napoleons last defeat to the British lead by Duke
  Wellington

42
Exiled to St. Helena

• Imprisoned the rest of his life