Borrow money from a pessimist

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• Borrow money from a pessimist
• They dont expect it back.

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Early Aegean Civilization The Rise of Hellenic
Civilization
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Parthenon, Athens - 450 BC
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• Sir Arthur Evans, 1900
• Theseus and the Minotaur

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Theseus and the Minotaur
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North entrance of Palace of Knossos
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Sea themes on Cretan pottery
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The Queens Room
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Minoan ladies, 1400
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Prince With Lilies, c. 1500 BC
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• The Fisherman
• Crete, c 1400

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Bull leaping Mural, Palace at Knossos
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The Palace at Knossos, 2200 -1400 BC
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• The Lions Gate, 1350 BC
• Kyriakos Pittakis, 1841

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The Treasury of Atreus, circa 1300 BC
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Two sets of gravesites were discovered at Mycenae

• Pottery, swords, knives and 100s of gold
  ornaments have been found

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Mycenaean Queen, c. 1350
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12th C. The Trojan Wars
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The poet Homer The Iliad and The Odyssey
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Invasions usher in a Dark Age. (1100-800 BC)
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Invasions usher in a Dark Age. (1100-800 BC)

• Mycenaean civilization disappeared- warfare,
  poverty, insecurity and isolation.
• Extensive trade ceased
• The knowledge of writing was forgotten
• Palace workshops were abandoned
• Art reflected primitive forms
• Simple burials
• No massive buildings/architecture
• Fewer water wells were dug

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How did life change after 800 BC?

• The Greek Renaissance 800 600 BC
• Writing again became part of Greek culture
  (Phoenician script!)
• Population increased dramatically
• Urbanization quickened
• A merchant class emerged
• Colonies around the Mediterranean multiplied
• Overseas trade expanded
• Rise in use of metals

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The poet Homer broke with the traditional
treatment of the heroes
of myth and legend

• Not just deeds and actions, but added what the
  hero thought and felt about his behavior
• Developed characters who were complex in their
  motives, who expressed emotions such as anger,
  vengeance, guilt, remorse and compassion.

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Hesiod,wroteThe TheogonyandWorks Days
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• Hesiod, The Theogony
• Emptiness - Chaos
• 5 orginal elements personified as gods
• Gaia - the primordial earth goddess Tartarus
  Eros Eerebus Nyx
• Gaia - Uranus
• 12 children- the Titans
• Cronus
• Cronus and Rhea
• 6 children- Hestia, Demeter, Hera,
• Hades, Poseidon
  and Zeus.
• Zeus vs The Titans, The Giants and Typhon
• Zues - Supreme leader dwells on Mt. Olympis

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• The Polis is the name for the independent
  city-state of the ancient Hellenes people.

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• The polis developed into a self-governing
  community that expressed the will of free
  citizens, not the desires of gods, hereditary
  kings or priests.

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The great Greek contribution to political life

• Individual members shared a sense of belonging to
  and participating in the polis.
• Community problems are caused by human beings and
  require human solutions.
• Laws expressed the rational mind of the community
  to insure its will and needs are met.

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Sparta the ultimate military state
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Spartan warriors, c. 450 BC
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The ruins of Ancient Sparta
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Athens, cradle of democracy
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Draco Solon 620sBC

570sBC

• Pisistratus,
• 540s BC
• Cleisthenes,
• 508 BC