Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues

1
Third EditionUnderstanding TerrorismChallenges,
Perspectives, and Issues
2
Chapter 8

• Terrorist Spillovers
• International Terrorism

3
Defining International Terrorism

• The Spillover Effect
• The struggle spills over into the international
  domain.
• Domestic attacks against victims with an
  international profile.
• Operations in a foreign country.
• Unambiguous International Implications
• International consequences must be clear.
• Case Attacks on embassies.
• Case Airline hijackings.

4
Defining International Terrorism(continued)

• Terrorist Environments and International
  Terrorism
• International state terrorism.
• International dissident terrorism.
• International religious terrorism.
• International left-wing terrorism.
• International right-wing terrorism.
• International criminal terrorism.

5
International Terrorist Environments
6
Reasons for International Terrorism

• Modern isms and International Revolutionary
  Solidarity
• Cold War motivations for international
  resistance.
• Imperialism.
• Neocolonialism.
• Zionism.

7
Reasons for International Terrorism(continued)

• Perceived Efficiency
• Potential for maximum publicity.
• Potential for inflicting maximum psychological
  anxiety.
• Pragmatism.
• Adaptations of Revolutionary Theory
• Fish swimming in the sea of the people.
• Enraging the beast.
• Liberating violence.

8
Reasons for International Terrorism(continued)

• Historical Reasons
• West was often a target during wars of national
  liberation.
• Anticolonial rebels became national leaders.
• Terrorism was a matter of pragmatic choice.
• Fusion of ideology and warfare.

9
International Terrorist Networks

• Cold War Terrorist-Networking Theory
• Western theory that Soviet proxies were the
  source of international terrorism.
• Uncomplicated and simplistic scenario.
• International Terrorist Environments
• Monolithic.
• Strong multipolar.
• Weak multipolar.
• Cell-based.

10
International Terrorist Environments
11
International Dimension of the New Terrorism

• A Stateless Revolution by Religious Radicals
• The Afghan Arabs at War
• Mujahideen in Bosnia
• Al Qaeda and International Terrorism
• The Madrid Train Bombings
• The London Transportation System Attacks
• Terrorist Violence in Iraq

12
The Stateless Revolutionaries