Starter

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Starter
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Lets get started on your paper.
Notes Physical Properties
Now heres the important part. To make this set
of notes useful to you, it has to be neat
organized.
Lets title this.
For the rest of the year, Ill make anything you
need to write on your paper in red text, like I
did with the title up there. Got it?
Lets get started here.
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What are Physical Properties?
Well, we know that all matter has mass (its made
of stuff) and it has volume (takes up an amount
of space).
It doesnt matter if its a flea
or a whale
its made of matter. The most enormous stars
and the tiniest, microscopic air molecules are
matter, too.
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Definition
I like to write notes in something called outline
form. Its a way to use numbering and lettering
to see how things are grouped and related.
Youll get the hang of it just be careful
with your indents for now!
I. Physical Properties descriptions of matter
that can be observed without changing it into
a new substance.
The Roman Numeral I lets you know this is the
first major topic in these notes.
Notice how I use underlines to make points of
emphasisthis helps to really make a point to
yourself if you read these notes later.
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DENSITY
Density is a weird one. You know by now that all
matter has mass and volume. But density tries to
describe how packed in the mass is within that
volume. In other words, how compact is the stuff?
This golf ball and marshmallow are about the same
size (volume). But which is going to have more
mass?
The golf ball has way more mass. Since theyre
about the same size, you know that the golf ball
has a higher density.
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Density, contd.
Whats heaviera pound of steel or a pound of
feathers?
Well, a pound is a pound, so they have the same
weight. But what would those two piles of
objects look like?
Hi, Joe.
Yo.
And a pound of feathers. Its clear steel is WAY
more dense than feathers.
A pound of steel, yeah.
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More on Density
Gases and liquids have densities too! Thats why
when a lot of substances are put in the
same container, they often form layers based on
their densities!
Dont forget!
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Back to Our Notes
Since were going to start listing examples of
physical properties, we will indent them and
letter them to go under the Roman Numeral I.
Indent about the width of your pinky.
A. Density describes how compact the matter
is in a substance. A bowling ball is more
dense than a beach ball.
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COLOR
Well, it might be pretty simple to say that a
frog is green or jeans are blue or Joe is red,
but theres some pretty technical reasons for why
things have colors.
The point is that you can describe a substances
color without changing it into a new substance.
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Write it!
A. Density describes how compact the matter
is in a substance. A bowling ball is more
dense than a beach ball.
B. Color describes how light reflects off a
substance.
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LUSTER
Ooohhhlook at that biscuit.
Ooohhhlook at this gold ring.
I desire the one on the left for its tastiness.
I desire the one on the right for its LUSTER.
Luster describes how shiny a substance is.
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Get it on your paper!
C. Luster describes how shiny a substance is.
A diamond has higher luster than tree bark.
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TEXTURE
Some things are smooth.
Others are rough.
Thats texture for you.
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Im going to retire the notebook paper for now.

• Texture describes the smoothness/roughness of a
  
• substance.

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ODOR
A substance that gives off an odor, whether good
or bad, isnt being changed as it does so!
E. Odor describes the smell of a substance.
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HARDNESS
This one can be a little confusing. Youve
probably heard that the hardest substance on
Earth is ___________.
That means that a diamond can cut any
other substance you can think of, even metals.
The only thing that can cut a diamond is a
slightly more pure diamond!
However, that doesnt mean that diamonds
are stronger than anything else. Id much
rather live in a brick or steel house than a
diamond one.
Keep your bricks. Ill take the diamonds!
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Write it!

1. Hardness describes a substances ability to
   resist shape change. Doesnt always mean
   strength.

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CONDUCTIVITY
Some substances allow forms of energy, such as
heat, sound, and electricity, to flow through
them very easily. Apparently, Joe is one of
those substances.
These substances are very useful for things like
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Conductivity, contd.
But other substances are useful to us because
theyre NOT good conductors. We call those
insulators.

• Conductivity describes how well a substance
  allows heat or
• electricity to flow through it. Low
  conductivity substances are
• called insulators.

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MALLEABILITY
What do these substances have in common?
If you said that they can be pounded with a
mallet or hammer or fist or forehead into new
shapes easily, then youre right!

• Malleability describes how easily a substance
  can be formed into
• new shapes. Opposite of brittle.

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DUCTILITY
What do THESE substances have in common?
Well, of coursetheyre all ductile! That just
means they can be stretched or drawn into wires
without falling apart or breaking.

• Ductility describes how well a substance can be
  pulled into thin
• wires.

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MAGNETISM
Im not sure how much to say about this. Some
substances are magnetic, others arent.
J. Magnetism describes if a substance attracts
or repels magnets.
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SOLUBILITY
What happens if you take sugar, salt, or kool-aid
powder and stir it into water?
But you havent made a new substance. The
kool-aid and water have just mixed super well
because the kool-aid dissolves so easily in water.
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The Kool-Aid and Water are Separate?
Yep. If you had the worlds best microscope, you
could see bits of red kool-aid floating around in
clear water. Our eyes just arent good enough to
see things that small so it looks like a
consistent, red liquid.
If you tried the same thing with rocks, youd
just have a glass full of wet rocks. Rocks
arent soluble, but kool-aid is!

• Solubility describes how well a substance
  dissolves in another
• substance like sugar stirred in water. The
  sugar and water have
• NOT made a new substance!

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STATE OF MATTER
A lot of you remembered that matter comes in
three states
Whether a substance is solid, liquid, or gas is a
physical property. You can easily tell me what
it is without having to change the substance.

• State of Matter describes whether a substance
  is solid, liquid, or
• gas.

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MELTING FREEZING POINT
At what temperature does an ice cube melt into
water?
At what temperature does liquid water freeze into
ice?
SAME ANSWER! 320 F or 00 Celsius.
This is a property of waterthat 00 Celsius is a
magical temperature for this particular
substance. Above this temperature it stays
liquid, but below it, it freezes to solid.
NOTICE that it is still just a physical property
because the water changes, but not into any new
substance!
M. Melting Freezing Point describes the
temperature at which a solid turns liquid
or vice versa.
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BOILING CONDENSATION POINT
Likewise, whats the magic temperature for water
at which the liquid becomes a gas vapor?
Yes, 2120 F or 1000 Celsius.

• Boiling Condensation Point describes the
  temperature at
• which a liquid turns gas or vice versa.

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Review
All these properties that we described are
physical properties.
This just means that they are ways that
scientists commonly describe substances without
having to change them into a new substance.
You should be able to go down your list of
physical properties and decide which this cookie
has or doesnt have.
And then eat it!