AEROSPACE 410

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AEROSPACE 410 AEROSPACE PROPULSION Lecture
HYPER X X-43 project NASA SCRAM-JET
TESTS Using a rocket booster from ORBITAL
SCIENCES INC.

Dr. Cengiz Camci
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NASA's X-43 Could Some Day Chase Mach 10 CAPE
CANAVERAL An experimental aircraft expected to
fly 10 times the speed of sound is set to begin
tests next month above the Pacific Ocean. If it
works, NASA could finally have the blueprint for
a spacecraft that takes off and lands like an
airplane.
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SCRAMJET is development the same kind of
shift as the jet engine over the propeller
engine, " Hyper-X Program Manager Vince Rausch
said Wednesday. The 12-foot- long
shovel-shaped aircraft relies on a revolutionary
engine called a scramjet for its hypersonic
speed. Instead of using a rotating compressor
to compress air, the aircraft's high speed
forces air into the engine where it is mixed
with fuel and burned. A scramjet uses the
surrounding air instead of carrying its own
oxidizer like the space shuttle and other
rockets. This saves tremendous weight while still
allowing the speed necessary to reach orbit.
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The scramjet has no moving parts, but only works
at very high speeds. By comparison, the
record-setting X-15 rocket plane reached almost
Mach 7 in the 1960s. The unmanned X-43 will not
start its engine until it hits Mach 7. To get
there, it will ride a winged Pegasus rocket
dropped from a B-52. NASA used the same B-52 to
drop manned X-15s, which held speed records until
the space shuttle flew in 1981. The 185
million X-43 program will fly three tests this
year, each with a different aircraft. The first
will be a 10-second scramjet burn at Mach 7
followed by a fast glide and splashdown in the
Pacific. The last is targeted to reach Mach 10,
or more than 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) a second.
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Once launched, the X-43A was designed to then
fire its specialized engine -- called a scramjet
-- and fly under its own power for 10
seconds, covering about 17 miles. It will then
coast to an impact in the water. NASA had hoped
the plane would reach speeds Approaching Mach 7
during its fleeting flight, besting the Mach 6.7
record set by the rocket-powered X-15 in 1967.
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EARLY JUNE 2001
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