Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

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Late Nineteenth Century Imperialism

• 1870-1914

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Objective

• To understand the causes of European imperialism
  of the late 19th century
• To understand the extent of European imperial
  expansion
• To understand the consequences of European
  imperialism for Europe and the developing world

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Definitions

• Imperialism
• extending a nations influence
  directly or indirectly over
  weaker areas
• Colonialism
• Taking direct control of an area and turning it
  into a colony under a nations authority
• Nationalism
• Belief that an ethnic group should rule itself
• Belief that one nation is better than all the
  others

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Motives

• Economic
• Goes back to the Industrial Revolution- as more
  industry, there is more of a need for raw
  materials to use in factories, materials to sell,
  and many people are becoming VERY rich and need a
  place to invest that money.
• Political
• Belief that the more colonies you have the more
  power and prestige you have
• Religious
• To spread Christianity but missionaries needed
  to be protected. There was a feeling of
  superiority by Christians that wanted to spread
  that.

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The Mercantile System
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Motives (cont.)

• Exploratory
• Many people were interested in finding new
  plants, insects, etc. to develop medicines
• Ideological
• The idea that white race was superior to ANY
  other race which was considered inferior.
  Documents show that the N word was used at this
  time. Charles Darwins philosophy applied to
  society in general We are better and we will
  conquer you!

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Positive effects of imperialism

• Source of natural resources
• New markets for manufactured goods of mother
  country
• Investment opportunities
• Source of new products like kiwi, coffee, papaya
• Combined DEMOCRATIC ideal with local traditions,
  but it often was not inclusive for natives (only
  white and European)

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Positive effects of imperialism (cont)

• Improved HEALTH CARE standards
• Built hospitals, roads, schools, etc. but were
  these being built because of natives or for
  Europeans that were living there? They needed
  railroads for mother country to move goods,
  hospitals to care for European that lived there,
  etc. So not really being done to benefit the
  colony, but to help the mother countries economy.

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Negative effects of colonialism

• Racism white European culture was superior
• Same as Hitler and the Jews
• Japanese over Chinese Japan needed resources so
  they thought they had a right to take over
• Exploitation
• of land, natural resources and labor to benefit
  the mother country. Many natives died
• Religious conversion
• destroyed local traditions

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Negative effects of colonialism (cont)

• Destruction of Traditional Cultures
• leave native people with an identity crisis. We
  see this today with native Americans. Money from
  casinos going to tribes for education in an
  attempt to save their identity. Crime, alcohol,
  drug use goes up with identities are lost.
• Colonial Economy
• Dependent on mother country. Economies had been
  set up to benefit the mother country. Native
  industries were not developed and labor was not
  trained in management. Still exists today.

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Negative effects of colonialism (cont)

• Disease
• Especially small pox and measles. Fear of small
  pox today if parents refuse to immunize.

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Economic Imperialism

• Definition
• When one country invests heavily in another as to
  influence that country
• The United States are one of the biggest
  practitioners
• When a leader we dont like is in power WE
  OVERTHROW that leader
• Shah in Iran (1979)
• Saddam in Iraq (2003)

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How did the Industrial Revolution lead to
Imperialism?

• Natural Resources
• Needed materials to keep their factories running
  (coal, iron ore, gold, silver, tin, and copper)
• Markets
• Nations needed places to sell their manufactured
  goods
• Benefit to mother country
• Nation let its colonies buy only those goods
  manufactured in the mother country- the nation
  that controls a colony

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Connection to Themes

• How did Nationalism help Imperialism?
• Some countries thought that an empire (colonies)
  would make them look more important.
• How did Militarism help Imperialism?
• Mother countries could use their colonies as
  military bases.

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The Effect of Imperialism on Asia

• Europeans became interested in 1500 because of
  the riches of Asia
• By the 1800s most of Asia had fallen under the
  control of Portugal, Spain, Great Britain, and
  the Netherlands
• In 1855, the U.S. convinced Japan to open its
  ports to ships from the U.S.
• Eventually Russia, France, and Japan joined the
  race for raw materials, markets, and wealth

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The Effect of Imperialism on Asia
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The Effect of Imperialism on Asia

• First time Eastern culture met Western culture
• Eventually Asians became dissatisfied.
  Imperialist nations had made huge profits while
  the majority of Asians suffered in poverty.
• Asians wanted to regain control of their
  homelands.
• A spirit of nationalism swept the continent.

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The Effect of Imperialism on Asia

• From the 1940s through 1970s, Burma, India,
  Pakistan, Lebanon, the Philippines, Sri Lanka,
  Indonesia, Jordan, Israel(became a new country),
  Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam all became
  independent countries

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The Effect of Imperialism on Africa

• In the 1400s Europeans discovered that slaves
  could be bought along the African coast from
  tribal rulers who had taken prisoners of war
• Rulers would sell their prisoners in return for
  cloth, guns, and iron.
• 1450-1865, 10 million slaves were shipped to
  North America and South America where they were
  sold to owners of sugar and cotton plantations
• By the 1800s many Europeans took a dim view of
  the marketing of human beings

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The Effect of Imperialism on Africa

• In the early 1800s a half dozen countries became
  involved in a spirited land rush that saw nearly
  all of Africa fall into European hands

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The Effect of Imperialism on Africa
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The Effect of Imperialism on Africa

• The Industrial Revolution had generated a need
  for raw materials and created a group of wealthy
  businessmen interested in making foreign
  investments.
• By World War II, countries were forced to choose
  between fighting expensive wars or giving up
  their colonies. Most chose to grant independence
  peacefully