Brief Introduction of Hetao Irrigation District

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Brief Introduction of Hetao Irrigation District
Xiaoyan Guan

• National Center of Efficient Irrigation
  Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing

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Main Contents

• Location of Hetao Irrigation District
• Climatic conditions
• Conditions of water resources
• Canal system of irrigation district
• Agriculture irrigation
• Existing problems
• Research works

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1. Location of Hetao Irrigation District

• Hetao irrigation district is one of the three
  largest gravity irrigati-on districts in China.
• Hetao irrigation district is located in the
  middle of Yellow River Basin in the west of
  China. From east to west is about 270km,
  north-south width is 40-75km, irrigation district
  is flat terrain, southwest of the district
  is high and northeast is low, the elevatio-n is
  1007-1050m.
• Irrigated area of the total land area is about
  1.12 million hm2, the existing irrigation
  area is about 0.57 million hm2,it is about 51.2
  of the total land area.

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Yellow River
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2. Climatic conditions

• Hetao irrigation district is a typical arid
  region with continental monsoon climate, the
  weather is dry and hot in summer and
  severely cold with little snow in winter.
• Annual precipitation is 136.8213.5mm, annual
  evaporation is 1993-2373mm, annual average
  temperature is 6-8?,increasing from east to
  west. The average relative humidity is 4050.
  Frozen period last for 56 months, the greatest
  depth of the freezing is 1.01.3m. frozen
  period is from late November to April of the
  second year, frost-free period is 135150d, the
  annual sunshine hours is 31003300h.

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3. Conditions of water resources

• The surface water of Hetao irrigation district is
  mainly the yellow river water, the yellow river
  water with annual 30 billion m3 running by
  the area is good in quality for irrigation
  purpose, in spite of its high sediment
  concentration. Mineral content, mainly Ca(HCO3)2,
  is less than 1g/L.
• In the past years, this region takes in about 5
  billion m3 annually. Water is delivered with
  one single main canal and many levels of
  branches.

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• With the ever-increasing pressure of water
  shortage in the north part of China and the
  concern of the yellow river ru-nning dry at its
  low reach for increasingly extended period and
  length, the allowed water intake as set by the
  government is now cut down to 4 billion m3
  annually.
• The depth of ground water table is 1.01.5 m
  during irrig-ation periods and 0.5 m after
  Autumn irrigation (from Oc-tober to November).

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4. Canal system of irrigation district

• Irrigation water is taken from the Shanshenggong
  Head Work constructed at Dengkou on the yellow
  river, supplied by 180km long main irrigation
  canal, then diverted to the whole area
  through 11 branch irrigation canals.
• Drainage water is collected by 11 branch
  irrigation canals, then drained by pumping
  through the main drainage canal to the
  Wulingshu Lake.

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First grade irrigation branch
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main irrigation canal180km main drainage
canal260km
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2014-9-1
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Irrigation canal
Sanshenggong Water Control Project
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Wuliangshu Lake
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5. Agriculture irrigation

• Irrigation in Hetao has a long history, the
  sustainable development of agriculture irrigation
  scheme depends on irrigation methods and good
  management practices.
• With existing water delivery system and
  irrigation canals, consid-ering the high sediment
  concentration in water, surface irrigation is the
  main irrigation method in Hetao irrigation
  district.
• Micro-irrigation is another irrigation method
  for cash crops at part of the areas in the
  district.
• For the management side, water allocation in
  different parts of the region is important
  besides good irrigation schedule.

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Rehabilitation and water-saving reform of
irrigation district
canal lining
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Irrigation district entironment
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6. Existing problems

• Hetao irrigation district still have some
  problems to be solved such as
• Shortage of water resources
• Soil salination
• Level of irrigation management must be improved
• Equipment of water transmission and distribution
  remains to be improved
• Land production efficiency is relatively low
• Destruction of ecological balance in some area

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Water seepage
Soil desertification
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7. Research works

• For the current problems, A number of
  researchers have done lots of researches in
  Hetao irrigation district, such as
• Water Resource Management
• Soil salinity control
• The repose of crop to water-salinity
• Reinforcing and rehabilitation of irrigation
  district
• Protection of ecological environment

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Thank you!