Translation in Business English 05

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Translation in Business English05 820 205

• By
• Aj. Somboon Sammatchani

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Chapter 2

• Definition of Translation

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Definition of Translation

• Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Translation is an activity comprising the
  interpretation of the meaning of a text in one
  language the source text and the production,
  in another language, of a new, equivalent text
  the target text, or translation.
• the source text ? the target text
• (ST) (TT)

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• JOHN WYCLIFE(????? ??????? 1330 1384)
• ?????????????????????????? ?????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????

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• Martin Luther
• (??????? ??????? 1483 - 1546)
• ???????????????? ???????? ??????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????

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• Eugene Nida (????? ???? , 1964)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????

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Larson, 19843

• Analyzing source-text (lexicon, grammatical
  structure, the communication situation and the
  cultural context) in order to determine its
  meaning and, reconstructing it using the lexicon
  and the grammatical structure which are
  appropriate in the receptor language and its
  cultural context.

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Larson, 19843
reconstructing

• Source-text
• lexicon,
• grammatical structure,
• the communication situation and
• the cultural context

• receptor language
• lexicon,
• grammatical structure,
• the communication situation and
• the cultural context

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Newmark, 19813

• Translation is a craft consisting of the attempt
  to replace a written message and/or statement in
  one language by the same message and/or statement
  in another language.

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Newmark, 19813

• a craft consisting of the attempt to replace

Language 1 message and/or statement
Language 2 message and/or statement
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Rabin, 1980 123

• Translation in a process by which a spoken or
  written utterance takes place in one language
  which is intended and presumed to convey the same
  meaning as a previously existing utterance in
  another language.

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Seleskovitch, 1976 1

• Translation is often considered as a
  code-switching operation implying that a sequence
  of symbols from one language is substituted for a
  sequence of symbols in another language.

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Brislin, ed., 1976 1

• Translation is the general term referring to the
  transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language
  (source) to another (target), whether the
  languages are in written or oral form whether
  the languages have established orthographies or
  do not have such standardization, or whether one
  or both languages is based on signs, as with sign
  languages of the deaf.

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Eppert, 1976 1

• Translating means basically that a person, the
  translator, who has a certain competency of a
  language 1, and also a certain competency of a
  language 2, attempts to produce for a given text
  of language 1 and equivalent text in language 2,
  which is the translation.

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Catford (1965 20)
The replacement of textual material in one
language by equivalent material in another
language
???????
16
Catford (1965 20)
The replacement of textual material in one
language by equivalent material in another
language
???????????
???????
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Definition of Translation
Catford (1965 20)
???????
???????????
Syntactic structure 1
Syntactic structure 2
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Schaffner (2000 152)

• Substitution of contextually and situationally
  adequate syntactic structures

• Substitution of contextually and situationally
  adequate lexical structures

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Schaffner (2000 152)
???????????
???????
Contexts
Syntactic structures
Lexical structures
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Conclusion Translation
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Translation Practice

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
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  ????????????????

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• The amended business law would replace the 1992
  law that governs private venture like this one,
  the underpass at Khuangsing intersection.
• Photographers name Subin Khuenkaew??????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????.?. 2535 ???????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????

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• Cabinet to amend business law
• Joint public-private venture value to rise
• WICHIT CHANTANUSORNSIRI
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• ????? ??????????????

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• Amendments to the joint public-private venture
  law aim to strike a balance between flexibility
  in state policy and safeguarding against
  potential interference and corruption, said
  Pongpanu Svetarunvra, the director-general of the
  Public Debt Management Office.
• ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
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  ????????????????????????

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• The new law would replace the 1992 law overseeing
  public-private ventures and include major
  infrastructure contracts and turnkey projects.
  The Finance Ministry would be empowered to
  stipulate the structure of investment and
  financing
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????.?. 2535
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  ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
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• Critically, the new law raises the threshold for
  projects deemed subject to special scrutiny and
  monitoring from one billion baht under 1992 law
  to three billion baht. Government officials say
  the higher project value requirement aims to cut
  bureaucracy for smaller projects.
• ??????????????????? ?.?.?. ???????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ?????????????????? 1,000
  ????????? ?.?.?.?????.?.2535 ????????????3,000
  ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????? 3,000 ???????

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• The Finance Ministry and the National Economic
  and Social Development Board would also be
  authorized to review the project value rule every
  five years to reflect economic changes and
  government procurement and contract policies.
• ?????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????

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• The changes are aimed at minimizing past
  practices of deliberately undervaluing a
  project's value to avoid added scrutiny under the
  1992 law.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????.?.?.???????.?.
  2535

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• The duty-free concession awarded to King Power at
  Suvarnabhumi Airport, for instance, has been
  accused to deliberately undervaluing the contract
  value by excluding stock items to avoid the
  public private law.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
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  ?