Other Biting Flies

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Other Biting Flies

• Horse-flies, Tsetse-flies, House-flies and
  Stable-flies

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Family Tabanidae(Horse-flies and Deer-flies)

• Tabanus atratus
• Tabanus nigrovittatus
• Chrysops atlanticus
• Large biting flies (65 mm wing)
• Over 4300 species
• Worldwide distribution.
• Medium to large (6-30 mm)
• Antennae are small but stout
• Mouthparts adapted for biting, hang downwards
  from head.

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Life History

• Tend to lay eggs near larvarial substrate.
• Some larvae are predacious
• Life cycle
• Eggs ? Larvae ? Pupae ? Adult
• Most inhabit woods and forest

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Feeding Habits

• Bite is painful
• Most feed during the daytime, locate host by site
  and CO2.
• Several small meals often taken from the same or
  different host.
• Interrupted feeding behavior increases their
  likelihood of being mechanical vectors of
  disease.
• Prefer dark objects, will bite through colored
  clothing.

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Biological Transmission

• Loiasis (loa loa)
• Chrysops species are the biological vectors.
• Microfilaria picked up in blood during day.
• Develop in thoracic fat bodies of the deer fly.
• Worms leave the proboscis when deer fly feeds.
• Human strain of Loiasis
• Monkey strain of Loiasis

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Biological Transmission

• Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
• Tularaemia