Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement

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Chapter 1IntroductionMatter and Measurement
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th
edition Theodore L. Brown H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.
and Bruce E. Bursten

• John D. Bookstaver
• St. Charles Community College
• St. Peters, MO
• ? 2006, Prentice Hall

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Chemistry

• The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

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Scientific Method

• A systematic approach to solving problems.

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Matter

• Anything that has mass and takes up space.

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Matter

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter.

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Matter

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter.
• Each element is made of the same kind of atom.

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Matter

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter.
• Each element is made of the same kind of atom.
• A compound is made of two or more different
  kinds of elements.

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States of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
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Mixtures and Compounds
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Properties and Changes of Matter
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Properties of Matter

• Physical Properties
• Can be observed without changing a substance into
  another substance.
• Boiling point, density, mass, volume, etc.
• Chemical Properties
• Can only be observed when a substance is changed
  into another substance.
• Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with
  acid, etc.

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Properties of Matter

• Intensive Properties
• Independent of the amount of the substance that
  is present.
• Density, boiling point, color, etc.
• Extensive Properties
• Dependent upon the amount of the substance
  present.
• Mass, volume, energy, etc.

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Changes of Matter

• Physical Changes
• Changes in matter that do not change the
  composition of a substance.
• Changes of state, temperature, volume, etc.
• Chemical Changes
• Changes that result in new substances.
• Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc.

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Chemical Reactions

• In the course of a chemical reaction, the
  reacting substances are converted to new
  substances.

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Chemical Reactions
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Compounds

• Compounds can be broken down into more elemental
  particles.

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Electrolysis of Water
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Separation of Mixtures
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Distillation

• Separates homogeneous mixture on the basis of
  differences in boiling point.

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Distillation
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Filtration

• Separates solid substances from liquids and
  solutions.

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Chromatography

• Separates substances on the basis of differences
  in solubility in a solvent.

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Units of Measurement
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SI Units

• Système International dUnités
• Uses a different base unit for each quantity