Virtual Reality

1
Virtual Reality Cybersickness

• Introduction
• Cybersickness symptoms
• Theories for the cause of cybersickness
• Physical pathologies
• Cybersickness effects
• Preventive solutions
• References

2
Introduction

• Definition
• Cybersickness has been described as a variant
  form of common motion sickness which has adverse
  effects upon the visual, neural, and
  psychological status.

3
Introduction

• Importance
• Industrial needs and economic reasons
• Problems in research
• Difficult to predict who will be adversely
  affected
• No government regulations

4
Cybersickness symptoms

• Disruption to perceptual and sensory-motor
  activities involving the vestibular system
• Disorientation
• Disequilibrium
• Inappropriate vestibular-ocular reflex
• Autonomic response
• Drowsiness, Salivation, Sweating, and Vomiting
• Signs (HR?, BP ?, RR ?, hypothermia)

5
Theories for the cause of cybersickness

• Computational lag theory
• Lag between computation and display,
  incompatibility between the actual and expected
  visual input to NS
• Vestibular-ocular incompatibility theory or
  sensory conflict theory
• Difference between the ocular input and the
  vestibular input results in an nausea response by
  NS

6
Physical pathologies

• Repetitive stress injury
• Extended use and repeated movements (joystick or
  keyboard)
• Functional disability (tendinitis and ligamentous
  injury)

7
Physical pathologies

• Immersion injury
• Any physical trauma occurring during VR use
• So involved and engrossed in VR, Disoriented with
  their immediate surroundings
• Attempt unsafe action with wearing a device
  (running or jumping)

8
Physical pathologies

• Transmittable disease
• Potential fomite to harbor pathogenic organisms
• Used by multiple individuals
• Airborne pathogens and skin flora on HMD or hand
  controllers
• Streptococcus species, hemophilus influenza, and
  multiple viruses

9
Cybersickness effects

• Visual effects
• Nausea
• Asthenopia (eyestrain)
• Impact of electromagnetic fields (eyes)

10
Cybersickness effects

• Neural effects
• Impact of EMF on CNS
• Cellular damage
• Flicker vertigo
• Seizure while a flickering light is observed
• Brief loss of attention
• Occurs on flicker frequency of 8 to 12 Hz

11
Cybersickness effects

• Psychological effects
• Develop a new personality in VR
• Acrophobia or Claustrophobic
• addicted
• Residual aftereffects
• Illusory sensations of climbing and turning
• Perceived inversion of the visual field

12
Preventive solutions

• Keep exposure duration short until your senses
  are accustomed to VR
• Refrain from jerky or quick movements when first
  immersed
• Allow enough time to readaptation in real world
  before do anything risk
• Dont sit down, active, interaction with new
  environment when readapted

13
Preventive solutions

• Warning label on VR for children
• Avoid poorly designed HMDs
• Learn to properly adjust lenses
• Avoid prolonged or excessive use of VR
• Consult a physician if you experience prolonged
  dizziness or nausea

14
Preventive solutions

• Drug therapy
• Reduce vestibular output
• Control nausea and individual training
• Adverse side-effects on performance and
  reliability of the operator

15
References

• http//www.cs.cmu.edu/dccrow/uwaterloo/KIN_416.ht
  ml
• http//www.academic.marist.edu/papers/karin/virtua
  l.html
• http//www.I-med.com/mi/safety.html
• http//www.oir.ucf.edu/pubrel/reportarchives/UCFRe
  port03.08.96/cybersickness.html
• http//ie.engr.ucf.edu/vr_research/synergy/sick.ht
  ml