Study guide - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 18
About This Presentation
Title:

Study guide

Description:

Title: Chapter 12 Author: BIOSCI Last modified by: slvaughn Created Date: 12/11/2006 6:07:00 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) Company – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:62
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 19
Provided by: BIO42
Learn more at: https://www.dmacc.edu
Category:
Tags: guide | stroke | study

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Study guide


1
Study guide
  • What are the three types of muscle tissue, their
    structure and location?
  • What are the functions of the muscular system?
  • How are skeletal muscles and muscle fibers
    structured from largest to smallest?
  • What are the steps of skeletal muscle
    contraction?
  • How do skeletal muscle cells acquire ATP for
    contraction?
  • Distinguish between slow and fast twitch fibers.
  • What are some common muscular disorders?

2
Review 3 types of muscle tissue
3
What are the functions of skeletal muscles?
  • Support
  • Movement
  • Homeostasis-How do skeletal muscles help us
    maintain body temperature?
  • Protection internal organs and stabilize joints

4
How are skeletal muscles arranged?
  • Attachments
  • Tendon
  • Origin
  • Insertion
  • Action
  • Antagonistic
  • Synergistic

5
An example of muscle arrangement
6
Examples of how skeletal muscles are named
  • Size gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis
  • Shape deltoid, trapezius
  • Location frontalis, tibialis anterior
  • Direction of muscle fiber rectus abdominus,
    external oblique
  • Attachment brachioradialis
  • Number of attachments biceps brachii
  • Action extensor digitorum

7
Skeletal Muscle Structure
  • Terminology for cell structure
  • plasma membrane ______________________
  • Cytoplasm___________________
  • ER_______________ ___________________
  • Muscle fascicle (bundle of fibers)
  • Muscle fiber
  • Myofibrils
  • Sarcomeres consisting of myofilaments

8
Visualizing muscle structure
9
The sarcomere
  • Made of protein myofilaments
  • Thick myosin
  • Thin actin, troponin, tropomyosin
  • These filaments slide over one another during
    muscle contraction

10
The beginning of muscle contraction The sliding
filament model
  • 1. What type of neuron carries information toward
    the muscle?
  • 2. What is released from the pre-synaptic cell?
  • 3. What does it bind to? (This binding will
    cause calcium to be released from the SR.)

11
The beginning of muscle contraction
12
Muscle contraction continued
  • 4. Released calcium combines with troponin
  • 5. Myosin binding sites exposed
  • 6. Cross-bridges form
  • 7. ATP binds and power stroke occurs

13
Visualizing the role of calcium and myosin in
muscle contraction
14
What are the sources of ATP for muscle
contraction?
  • Limited amounts of ATP are stored in muscle
    fibers
  • Creatine phosphate pathway (CP) fastest way to
    acquire ATP but only sustains a cell for seconds
    builds up when a muscle is resting
  • Fermentation fast-acting but results in lactate
    build up
  • Cellular respiration (aerobic) not an immediate
    source of ATP but the best long term source

15
Muscle fibers come in two forms
  • Fast-twitch fibers
  • rely on CP and fermentation (anaerobic)
  • Designed for strength
  • Light in color
  • Few mitochondria
  • Fewer blood vessels
  • Slow-twitch fibers
  • Rely on aerobic respiration
  • Designed for endurance
  • Dark in color
  • Many mitochondria
  • Many blood vessels

Where in the body would you have examples of each
of these?
16
Types of muscle fibers
17
Muscular diseases
  • Fibromyalgia chronic achy muscles that is not
    well understood
  • Muscular dystrophy group of genetic disorders
    in which muscles progressively degenerate and
    weaken
  • Myasthenia gravis immune system attacks ACh
    receptor and weakens muscles of the face, neck
    and extremities-What kind of disorder is this?

18
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
  • commonly known as Lou Gehrigs disease
  • motor neurons degenerate and die leading to loss
    of voluntary muscle movement
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com