Title: Study guide
1Study guide
- What are the three types of muscle tissue, their
structure and location? - What are the functions of the muscular system?
- How are skeletal muscles and muscle fibers
structured from largest to smallest? - What are the steps of skeletal muscle
contraction? - How do skeletal muscle cells acquire ATP for
contraction? - Distinguish between slow and fast twitch fibers.
- What are some common muscular disorders?
2Review 3 types of muscle tissue
3What are the functions of skeletal muscles?
- Support
- Movement
- Homeostasis-How do skeletal muscles help us
maintain body temperature? - Protection internal organs and stabilize joints
4How are skeletal muscles arranged?
- Attachments
- Tendon
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
- Antagonistic
- Synergistic
5An example of muscle arrangement
6Examples of how skeletal muscles are named
- Size gluteus maximus, vastus lateralis
- Shape deltoid, trapezius
-
- Location frontalis, tibialis anterior
- Direction of muscle fiber rectus abdominus,
external oblique - Attachment brachioradialis
- Number of attachments biceps brachii
- Action extensor digitorum
7Skeletal Muscle Structure
- Terminology for cell structure
- plasma membrane ______________________
- Cytoplasm___________________
- ER_______________ ___________________
- Muscle fascicle (bundle of fibers)
- Muscle fiber
- Myofibrils
- Sarcomeres consisting of myofilaments
-
8Visualizing muscle structure
9The sarcomere
- Made of protein myofilaments
- Thick myosin
- Thin actin, troponin, tropomyosin
- These filaments slide over one another during
muscle contraction
10The beginning of muscle contraction The sliding
filament model
- 1. What type of neuron carries information toward
the muscle? - 2. What is released from the pre-synaptic cell?
- 3. What does it bind to? (This binding will
cause calcium to be released from the SR.)
11The beginning of muscle contraction
12Muscle contraction continued
- 4. Released calcium combines with troponin
- 5. Myosin binding sites exposed
- 6. Cross-bridges form
- 7. ATP binds and power stroke occurs
13Visualizing the role of calcium and myosin in
muscle contraction
14What are the sources of ATP for muscle
contraction?
- Limited amounts of ATP are stored in muscle
fibers - Creatine phosphate pathway (CP) fastest way to
acquire ATP but only sustains a cell for seconds
builds up when a muscle is resting - Fermentation fast-acting but results in lactate
build up - Cellular respiration (aerobic) not an immediate
source of ATP but the best long term source
15Muscle fibers come in two forms
- Fast-twitch fibers
- rely on CP and fermentation (anaerobic)
- Designed for strength
- Light in color
- Few mitochondria
- Fewer blood vessels
- Slow-twitch fibers
- Rely on aerobic respiration
- Designed for endurance
- Dark in color
- Many mitochondria
- Many blood vessels
Where in the body would you have examples of each
of these?
16Types of muscle fibers
17Muscular diseases
- Fibromyalgia chronic achy muscles that is not
well understood - Muscular dystrophy group of genetic disorders
in which muscles progressively degenerate and
weaken - Myasthenia gravis immune system attacks ACh
receptor and weakens muscles of the face, neck
and extremities-What kind of disorder is this?
18Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- commonly known as Lou Gehrigs disease
-
- motor neurons degenerate and die leading to loss
of voluntary muscle movement