IP Addressing

1
IP Addressing and Subnet
2
TCP/IP ??

• ??
• ? 6?? ??? ??.
• ???? ?? 3? ??.
• ?? 4
• ?? ???? ???? ?? 4? ???
• ?? 5
• OSI ??? ???? ? ??
• ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??
• ?? 6
• ???? ????? ??
• IPv4? IPv6, ICMPv4? ICMPv6? ?.
• IGMP? ARP? ICMPv6? ??, RARP? ???
• 128?? ??? ???

3
IP Addressing

• IP ????? ????.
• IP ?? ??? ????.
• Subnetting? ???? ??? ? ??.
• VLSM, Supernetting, CIDR? ??? ??.

?) IOS Internetwork Operating System
4
IP Address

• IP Address(Internet Address)

• TCP/IP ????? IP ???? ???? ???

• IP ?? ??

• 32?? ??? ??
• network id? host id? ???? ??
• ????? ???? ???? ????.
• Global network??? unique ??
• ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????.(unique identifier)
• IANA?? ??? ????(Netid? NIC).

5
Internet Address

• Internet Address

Class Type
Netid
Hostid
6
10? ???

• Dotted Decimal ???

7
Class

• IP ?? ??(Class)

8
IP ????

• Netid? Hostid? ??

• Class A? ? ?? ??? Netid??, ??? ??? Hostid??
• Class B? ?? 2 ??? Netid??, ??? 2 ??? Hostid??
• Class C? ?? 3 ??? Netid??, ??? ? ??? Hostid??
• Class D? Netid? Hostid? ??. ?? ??? ?????? ???
  ????.
• Class E ? Netid? Hostid? ??. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??
  ??? ???.

9
IP ????

• 10? ???? ??? ???

10
Netid? Hostid

• ? Class? ???? ?? ??? ?

11
?? ??

• ??? IP ??

12
IP ????

• ?? ?? ?

13
IP ????

• Class B ????? ???? ??? ??

149.108.1.1
149.108.1.2
149.108.0.0
149.108.1.3
???? ?? ??
14
?????, ?????, ??????

• ????? ??? ??

• ?????(Unicast)
• ?????(Multicast)
• ??????(Broadcast)

• Unicast ??

• ?-?-?(one-to-one) ??
• ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?, ????? ??
• ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?
• Class A, B, C? ??

15
?????, ?????, ??????

• Multicast ??

• ?-?-?(one-to-many) ??
• ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?, ????? ??
• ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ? ??
• ????? ??? Class D
• Class D ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ? ??

• Broadcast ??

• ?-?-??(one-to-all) ??
• ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?, ??????
  ??
• ???? ????????? ?????? ??
• ??? ?????? ?? ?? 1
• ?? ?????? ?? Netid ??? ?? Hostid ??1

16
?? ????

• ?? ????? ??

Class ? ?
???? A
10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 1 B
172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255
16 C 192.168.0.0
192.168.255.255 255
17
Subnetting

• Subnetting? ??? ? ??

• ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ? ?? ??
• ??? ???
• ?? ????? ???
• ????

18
Subnet? ?

• Subnet? ???? Class B ????? ???? ??? ??

19
3?? ?? ??

• ???? ??? ??

20
??? ??

• ??? ?? ??
• ???(subnet) ??
• host ID ??? subnet ID? host ID? ??
• subnet ID? ??? ??? ?? ? ??.

8
16
8
Networkid
Subnetid
Hostid
Class B ??
21
???

• Subnet Mask ??

22
???

• ??? ?? ??
• ??? ?? ??? subnet ID? ??????? ??
• network ID? subnet ID ??? 1? host ID ??? 0??
  ????.

23
???

• Subnet Mask Review
• ??? ??? ?? ???.
• IP ??? Subnet Mask ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
• IP ?? 128.12.34.71
• Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
• ?? ?? ??? ?? ??
• Subnet Number ?
• Host Number ?
• Directed Broadcast ?

24
??? ???

• Subnet Mask ? ???

25
Subnetting? ?

• Class C 199.5.6.0? ?? Subnetting? ?

• No of No of
• Subnets Hosts/net
  Subnetmask
• 2 126 255.255.255.128
  (11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000)
• 4 62 255.255.255.192
  (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000)
• 8 30 255.255.255.224
  (11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000)
• 16 14 255.255.255.240
  (11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000)
• 32 6 255.255.255.248
  (11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000)
• 64 2 255.255.255.252
  (11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100)

26
????? ??

• Class A 65.0.0.0/10? ?? ???? ?? ??

27
????? ??

• Class B 190.58.0.0/19? ?? ???? ?? ??

28
????? ??

• Class C 199.5.6.0/28? ?? ???? ?? ??

29
???

• ??? ?? ???

30
???

• ??? ???

a. Without Subnetting
141.14.2.21
Mask 255.255.255.0
141.14.2.0
IP Address
Network Address
a. With Subnetting
31
???

• ??? AND ??? ??(Without Subnetting)

32
???

• ??? AND ??? ??(With Subnetting)

33
???

• ??? ? ???? ??? Subnet?

34
VLSM

• ?? ?? ??? ???
• VLSM(Variable Length Subnet Mask)
• ? Class C? ??? ???? ?? 60,60,60,30,30?? ???? ??
  5?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??

62 Hosts
62 Hosts
62 Hosts
35
Supernetting

• ???
• Class A? B? ??
• Class C ?? ????? ??? ????? ??
• 1000?? ??? ??? ??? 4?? Class C ??? ???? ???

36
Supernetting

• ??? ???

Subnetting
4 Subnet out of 1 networks
Supernetting
1 Supernet out of 4 networks
37
Supernetting

• ???? ??

Supernet Mask
38
CIDR

• CIDR(Classless Interdomain Routing)
• ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??

Default Mask
Default Mask
Network Address
Network Address
Nex hop Address
Nex hop Address
255.255.255.0 X.Y.32.0 .. 255.255.255.0
X.Y.33.0 .. 255.255.255.0 X.Y.34.0
.. 255.255.255.0 X.Y.35.0 ..
255.255.252.0 X.Y.32.0 ..
Routing Table without Supernet Mask
Routing Table with Supernet Mask