Installing the Network

1
Installing the Network

• Chapter 11

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Chapter Objectives

• Explain the need of structured cabling
• Identify cables and different types of connectors
• Work with different types of cables
• Identify closets, conduits and cable tray
• Install racks and manage cables
• Work with modular outlets

3
Recall - I

• Repeater is a device that is used to regenerate
  signals
• Bridges are used to connect multiple LAN segments
• Types of bridges are
• Transparent bridge
• Translational bridge
• Source-route bridge
• The static and dynamic are two types of router
• Types of hubs are
• Passive hub
• Active hub
• Intelligent hub

4
Recall - II

• Switch is the device with filtering and
  forwarding feature
• The different methods used by switches to send
  data are
• Cut-through method
• Store and forward method
• Fragment-free method
• Gateway provides interconnection between
  different networks and translation service

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Structured Cabling

• Comprises of cables and associated hardware parts
• Provides an organized way of low voltage wiring
• Transmits data that is built in structured form
• Need of structured cabling
• Consistency Standard cabling systems for Data,
  voice and video
• Cost Reduction Reduces the cost by reducing the
  number of cables
• Troubleshooting Isolates and fixes the problem
• Mobility Network resources are portable
• Supports upgrading Supports future applications

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Design Considerations of Structured Cabling
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Structured Cabling - II

• Design Considerations of structured cabling
• Entrance Facilities Connects the building with
  the outside world
• Equipment Room Serves the users within the room
• Telecommunications Room Accommodates the
  cabling system equipment
• Backbone Cabling Interconnects
  telecommunications room, equipments room and
  entrance facilities

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Structured Cabling - III

• Design Considerations of structured cabling
• Horizontal Cabling Extends from the work area
  telecommunications outlet to telecommunications
  closet
• Work Area Components extend from the
  telecommunications outlet to the stations
  equipment

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Cable Distance I

• Horizontal Cabling Distance
• horizontal cabling distance is 99 meters
  (TIA/EIA-568A)
• 6 meters of patch cable
• 90 meters horizontal (routed in the wall)
• 3 meters of station cable
• 99 meters total (rounded off to 100 meters)
• Backbone cable Distance
• Depends on type of cable being used and on its
  location

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Pulling Cables - I

• While dealing with structured cabling you have to
  pull out the cables from some conduits and punch
  down the free end of the cable
• Conduits are PVC or flexible plastic pipes used
  to organize the cables
• Pull twine through the conduits

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Pulling cables - II
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Pulling Cable Tools
Fish Tape
Twine
Conduit
Scale Tape
Patch Panel
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Cables

• Two or more wires bound together, in protective
  jacket or sheath
• Different types of cables
• Twisted pair cable
• Coaxial cable
• Optical fiber cable
• Shielded and Unshielded cable

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Cable Connectors I

• Part of cable which plugs into port or interface
  to connect one device to another
• Connectors Male and Female
• DB-15 connectors - Commonly used on electronic
  and computer equipment
• RJ45 Connectors Used in networking to connect
  computer to network card
• BNC Coaxial Connectors Used with coaxial cables
  or used with Ethernet system

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Cable Connectors II

• 210 Patch Plug Uses internal pair isolation,
  pair-to-pair compensation and layered contacts
• Token-Ring Data Connector Used on end of a
  shielded twisted pair cable
• Distinguishing Wires
• Color coding makes identification each wire or
  pair of wires in the cable easier
• Tip and ring Identifies plus wire and minus
  wire

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Cabling Tools

• Used in networking to work with wires or devices
  or to connect wires and devices to each other
• Different tools used are
• Punchdown Tools
• RJ45 Crimping Tool
• Coaxial Cable Crimping Tool
• Pin Crimping Tool
• Cable stripper

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Working with Cables I

• Installation works in three stages
• Running cable from central point to the room
• Wall jacks are mounted and cables ended into
  jacks
• Wire cables from the central end to switchboard
• Color Coding
• Helps to classify different types of wires
• Patch cable and cross over cable can be
  differentiated on the basis of colour coding

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Working with Cables II

• Tools and materials required for crimping cable
• RJ45 Crimping Tool
• Wire stripper
• Wire cutter
• RJ-45 plugs
• Cat-5 UTP cables

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Working with Cables III

• Straight through Cable
• Same pin out connections at both ends
• Used to connect dissimilar devices

• Crossover Cable
• Modify pin out connections at one end
• Used to connect similar types of devices

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Working with Cables IV

• Weak Link
• Mostly, weakest link is the station cable, which
  runs from wall to desktop
• Information Outlet
• Protect horizontal wiring from physical handling
  that cables receive
• Keep installation neat and eliminate unsightly
  snake pit of unused cables coiled on floor
• Station Cable
• Runs between information outlet
• and network node e.g. PC

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RJ45 Modular Outlet

• Device used to connect shielded or unshielded
  cables
• Acts as extension where wires are fixed on the
  either side of modular connector

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Closet

• Main point in an organization where major
  networking cabling come together
• Equipment in a wiring closet includes
• Patch panels for vertical wiring
• Patch panels for horizontal wiring
• Wiring hubs
• Uninterruptible Power Supplies
• Types of wiring closets
• Intermediate Distribution Frames (IDF)
• Main Distribution Frame (MDF)

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Closet Details

• Typical equipment in a wiring closet are
• Backbone wiring cross-connect device
• Horizontal wiring cross-connect device
• Patch cables
• Wiring hubs
• Backup power for wiring hubs
• Router and modems
• Access server

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Cross-Connect Devices - I

• Make easy to reconfigure horizontal and backbone
  wiring
• Terminates cable or group of cables
• Make terminations available for interconnection
  to other cables
• In data networks Small cross-connect device
  will terminate backbone cable and make it
  available for connection to wiring hub
• In wiring hub Larger cross-connect device will
  terminate horizontal wiring before it enters hub

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Cross-Connect Devices - II
66M Punch Down Block
Patch Panel
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Cabinets and Racks - I

• Patch panels and wiring hubs can mount on wall in
  brackets, stand in racks or reside in full
  cabinets that are racks with doors
• If small installation Mount patch panels and
  wiring hubs on wall

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Cabinets and Racks - II
Full Equipment Cabinet
Distribution Rack
Rack
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Neat Cables

• Used to avoid damage to cable pairs and used to
  tie the cables
• Ties come in many sizes and materials

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Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)

• Equip network file servers with backup power
• Allow wiring hubs to go without power during
  power failure

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Conduits

• Plastic pipes that run through wall plate between
  wiring closets
• If space left
• Used to pull a new cable
• Used as replacement for a bad one
• For added capacity
• Fish tape
• An equipment which is part of any installers
  toolbox
• Consists of a reel of wire stiff enough to push
  its way through the conduit

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Cable Trays

• Provide large cable system
• Wire rack designed to carry the weight of the
  cables
• Common in modern wiring closets and in building
  infrastructure spaces such as basements,
  airshafts, and ceiling
• Point to note when cables run inside ceilings and
  walls

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Configuring Backbone Cable

• Wiring closet that contain patch and
  cross-connect panels which connect to horizontal
  wiring
• Backbone wiring link each wiring closet to
  cross-connect point or (MDF)
• Locating the closet
• Different parameters to keep in mind when going
  for closet
• Backbone Cable
• Modern installations use UTP or fiber-optic cable
  for the backbone

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Installation of Racks

• Explains how to place networking equipments and
  accumulate different small equipment on the plate
  of the rack
• Factors to be considered while installing the
  rack
• Location to install the rack
• Installation holes marking
• Installation of the rack nuts
• Mount the different rails onto the rack
• Mount the different devices onto the rack

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Managing Cables

• Cables
• Should not run over desk
• Should not be entangled
• To manage cables
• Free space on the desk where the cables will run
• Holes at top of desk
• Mount to protect cables

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Wire Manager

• Used to mange wires that are common to one place
• Tools used to manage wires
• Cable ties
• Conduits
• Twines
• Cable manager
• Labels
• Spiral wraps
• Unitags

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Labeling Cables

• Used to identify path of the cables
• Distinct color and pattern of code of cable label
  helps identify cables
• Labels can be written with a pen or a pencil
• Cables labeled using Label templates

Labels on Outlet
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Case Study 1
The network administrator of the Mumbai branch of
MoneyMaker bank is facing difficulties in
maintaining the network. In case the network goes
down due to some hardware failure, identifying
the source of the problem and troubleshooting it
is very time consuming. The layout of the network
has not been changed since the time it was set up.
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Problem
The maintenance and troubleshooting of the
network is problematic and time consuming
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Solution

• Deploy a dedicated closet
• Use full equipment cabinet
• Use rack and configure the hardware
• Use appropriate cable and crimp the cable
• Define maximum backbone cable length and
  horizontal cable length
• Use different wire manager
• Use modular outlet and I/O plate
• Use third party hardware monitoring or the
  troubleshooting devices

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Summary - I

• Structured cabling system is a set of cabling
  which interconnects different equipments in an
  organization in a structured manner
• Cable connectors are used to connect the cables
• Cabling tolls are helpful to make connection
  between the cable and the connector
• Colour Code helps to identify the types of wires
• Cat5 cables are punched into Information outlet
  (IO) as per the colour coding
• Jack Panel is used to connect horizontal cabling
  to network

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Summary - II

• Straight through cables have the pin out
  connections similar at both the ends
• Cross over cable change the pin out connections
  at one end
• Installing the rack explains how to place
  networking equipments and accumulate different
  small equipment on the tray of the rack
• Wire manager can organize the disorganized cables
  and makes it easy to access
• Labeling the cables help you to identify the path
  of the cables and makes the troubleshooting easy