The

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The New IMPERIALISM1850 - 1914
FORMS TYPESDIRECT
COLONYINDIRECT PROTECTORATE SPHERE OF
INFLUENCE
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Forces Driving Imperialism

• The Industrial Revolution
• Looking for new markets and raw materials
• European Belief of Superiority
• Racism- they are better then everyone
• Social Darwinism- survival of the fittest
• To civilize and westernize the people
• Advances in technology
• Machine guns (Maxim), steam engines, a drug
  created in 1829 to protect them from malaria
• Military expansion and build-up.

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The Colonization of Africa
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Who was Dr. David Livingstone?

• He traveled throughout Africa for over thirty
  years and wrote about his experiences with less
  bias than other European travelers.
• He treated the African natives with respect and
  learned their languages and customs.

He was an explorer and missionary.
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• What happened at the Berlin Conference?

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What happened at the Berlin Conference?

• A scramble for Africa started among the European
  nations.
• To avoid Bloodshed among European powers, they
  met at an international conference in 1884 called
  the Berlin Conference.
• They set rules for colonization and drew lines on
  maps with no regard for ethnic patterns.

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Who was King Leopold II?

• King Leopold colonized the Congo. He exploited
  the Congo for its copper, rubber, and ivory.
• The treatment of native African villagers in the
  Congo was horrific.
• Belgium overseers tortured villages. Hands were
  amputated if the natives refused to work.
• Inspired the famous book The Heart of Darkness
  by Joseph Conrad.

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Who was Cecil Rhodes?

• He was elected president of the Cape Colony/South
  Africa in 1881.
• He owned successful diamond mines in Africa.
• He dreamed of bringing Africa under British
  Control, and connecting South Africa with Cairo
  with a cross continent rail line.
• Rhodesia was named after him. (later became
  Zimbabwe)

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How did France take part in colonization?

• The French colonized most of West Africa and part
  of North and Central Africa.
• They conquered Algeria in 1830, and spread their
  influence along the Mediterranean into Tunisia.
• The French allowed African people to hold
  positions in government and participate, but they
  wanted to assimilate the population.
• ASSIMILATION

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How was South Africa colonized?

• The tip of Africa or the Cape of Good Hope was
  colonized by the Dutch in the 17th century, and
  later acquired by the British.
• The British pushed the Boers (Dutch farmers)
  North. This created conflict between the Zulus
  (Shaka Zulu) and the Boers.
• The Boer War and then British South Africa under
  Afrikaner control.

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Which two countries in Africa were not colonized?
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Which two countries in Africa were not colonized?

• Liberia-which was a colony of former
  African-American slaves.
• Ethiopia- A Christian outpost (Aksum) that
  resisted an Italian invasion in 1896. There
  resistance was supported by others.

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