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Objective(s) Trace the political, social, and cultural developments of early modern Russia. Contrast the development of Russia with that of Western Europe. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Objective(s)


1
Objective(s)
  • Trace the political, social, and cultural
    developments of early modern Russia.
  • Contrast the development of Russia with that of
    Western Europe.

2
Early Modern Russia 1450-1800
3
I. Liberation
  • Beginning in 14th century, Russian elite began
    pushing for independence from Tatar (Mongol)
    control
  • 1462 Ivan the Great (Ivan III) freed large
    section of Russia
  • Established new government with strong emphasis
    on military power
  • 1480 Moscow freed from Tatar control,
    independent Russia further expands
  • Ivan the Great married niece of last Byzantine
    emperor
  • Considered Russia to be third Rome
  • Named himself tsar, or caesar
  • commonly spelled czar

4
Early Russian Expansion
5
II. Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV)
  • 1533 - Ivan IV becomes Russias ruler
  • Placed great emphasis on controlling the boyars
    (landowning aristocrats)
  • Earned his nickname by having many boyars killed
  • Was paranoid, accused them of poisoning his wife
  • Continued Russian expansion efforts
  • Recruited cossacks, or peasant-adventures, to
    migrate to newly seized lands
  • By 16th century captured lands surrounding
    Caspian Sea and western Siberia
  • Contact with the West
  • Ivan invited Western European artists to
    design/create buildings/art
  • Trade began between Russia and Western Europe

6
II. Continued
  • After death
  • No male heir
  • Time of Troubles boyars fought over control
  • 1613 an assembly of boyars chose a member of
    the Romanov family to rule
  • Romanov dynasty strengthened power of tsars and
    increased contact with West
  • Lasted until 1917
  • Alexis Romanov abolished boyar assemblies, gained
    powers of Russian church
  • Dissident religious conservatives, or Old
    Believers, were exiled to Siberia

7
III. Peter the Great
  • A year after taking power in 1696, embarked on
    Grand Embassy long trip to Western Europe
  • Sought to westernize Russia politically,
    commercially, and militarily
  • Brought Russian Orthodox Church under state
    control
  • Limited power of nobles
  • Hired Western European officers to train armies
  • Introduced potatoes
  • Started Russias first newspaper
  • Raised status of women by having them attend
    social gatherings and ending some older marriage
    traditions
  • Ordered boyars to wear Western fashions
  • Advanced education by opening schools

8
IV. Catherine the Great
  • Prussian princess, converted to Orthodox
    Christianity in order to marry into Russias
    ruling family
  • Installed as Empress in 1762, during plot to
    remove Peter III
  • Further Westernization
  • Invited French philosophers and European artists
    to Russia
  • However, was not open to ideas of revolution that
    would eventually take hold throughout much of
    Western Europe
  • Put down Pugachev rebellion, extended powers of
    central government
  • Further expansion
  • Partition of Poland divided among Russia,
    Austria, and Prussia, between years of 1772
    1795
  • Expanded Siberian colonies
  • Claimed territory in what is today Alaska

9
Expansion Under Catherine the Great
10
V. Peasant Life
  • After Tatar control was ended, peasant farmers
    had to continue to accept servile status to
    landowning nobles
  • Serfdom was way to satisfy nobles and control
    peasant population
  • Throughout 17th and 18th centuries, peasant
    rights declined
  • Could not legally escape serfdom (status was
    hereditary)
  • Serfs were sold along with land
  • Peasant unrest
  • Increase in commercial activities and wealth
    leads to unrest
  • 17th century onwards Russia experienced
    increased resistance from peasant population

11
5-Minute Response
  • In what ways was Russia different, in terms of
    development, from that of its neighbors in
    Western Europe? What factors were present in
    Russia, but not in W. Europe (and vise-versa)?

12
Chapter 18 Key Vocabulary
  • Ivan III
  • Ivan IV
  • Cossacks
  • Time of Troubles
  • Romanov dynasty
  • Old Believers
  • Peter I
  • Catherine the Great
  • Pugachev Rebellion
  • Partition of Poland
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