Soja : Fertilizacion Fosfatada

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VII World Soybean Research Conference Foz do
Iguazu, 1-5 March 2004
Soil Fertility Management for Soybean in Argentina
Fernando O. García INPOFOS Cono Sur
www.inpofos.org
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Outline

• Soybean production and nutrient availability in
  different regions
• Nitrogen management
• Phosphorus management
• Sulfur The most recently deficient nutrient
• Balanced fertilization Nutrient interactions
• Fertilization of double cropped soybean

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Argentina Soybean planted area
RR varieties
Soybean area increased at a rate of 577 thousand
ha in the last 12 years
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Argentina Soybean average yield
Soybean yield increased at a rate of 49 kg/ha in
the last 12 years
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Northcentral No current nutrient limitations
Northwestern Several areas with low P
Northeastern P and K deficiencies Low pH
Northern Pampas S deficiency P deficiency
Western Pampas Low OM, S deficiency Areas with
low P
Eastern Pampas P deficiency
Southern Pampas P deficiency
Soybean production regions and nutrient
availability
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Nutrient Removal and Application in Wheat, Corn,
Soybean and Sunflower Argentina - Average
1996-2001
1090
475
365
228
131
116
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3.7
Nutrient application was 29, 45, less than 1,
and 9 of the N, P, K, and S extracted per year,
respectively
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P availability in the Pampas region
Darwich, 1980, 1993 and 1999
Area I Low (lt 10 ppm)
Area II Medium (10-20 ppm)
Area III Adequate (gt 20 ppm)
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N management

• Seed inoculation is a generalized practice for
  most soybean farmers
• Biological N fixation supplies 30-70 of the
  total N need (González, 1996)
• Direct N fertilization at planting has not shown
  grain yield responses
• Applications at reproductive stages (R1-R3) have
  shown variable results

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Inoculation in Soybean in Fields with Soybean
HistoryA. Perticari (2003), INTA Castelar
Means of 5 sites of the soybean production areas
of Argentina 2001/02 growing season
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P management

• Soybean response to P fertilization is widespread
  in deficient soils of the Pampas and the
  northeastern and northwestern regions
• A network of 31 field experiments determined a
  Bray 1 P critical level of 12 mg/kg for soils of
  the Pampas (Díaz Zorita et al., 2002)

Check
P fertilized
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Yield response to P fertilization as a function
of soil Bray 1 P 31 field experiments in the
provinces of Santa Fe and Buenos Aires2000/01
and 2001/02Network Proyecto INTA Fertilizar
Soybean yield response (kg/ha)
Soil Bray P (mg/kg)
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Recommendations of P fertilization for soybean
according to soil Bray P content and yield goal
(Echeverría and Garcia, 1998)
Yield goal Bray P content (mg/kg) Bray P content (mg/kg) Bray P content (mg/kg) Bray P content (mg/kg) Bray P content (mg/kg)
lt 4 4-6 6-8 8-11 11-16
ton/ha ------------------------------ kg P/ha ------------------------------ ------------------------------ kg P/ha ------------------------------ ------------------------------ kg P/ha ------------------------------ ------------------------------ kg P/ha ------------------------------ ------------------------------ kg P/ha ------------------------------
2 19 14 12 10 -
2.5 21 17 15 13 -
3 24 20 17 16 11
3.5 27 22 20 18 14
4 29 25 23 21 16
4.5 32 28 25 24 19
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• Full season soybeans
• Averages of 6 sites
• Rate of 12 kg/ha of S

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(No Transcript)
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Soybean Interaction PS Network Project INTA
Fertilizar (Pampean Region , 53 sites)
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Soybean fertilization at Videla (Santa Fe) -
2002/03H. Vivas y H. Fontanetto EEA INTA
Rafaela
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Network AAPRESID-INPOFOS - 2001/02 Averages of
10 sites in the Pampean Region
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Network Project INTA Fertilizar INTA Cañada de
Gomez - G. Gerster et al. - 2001/02 Residual
effects in Double-cropped Soybeans
Check 2331 kg/ha
N in Wheat 2482 kg/ha
NP in Wheat 2544 kg/ha
NPS in Wheat 3098 kg/ha
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Residual effects of NPS fertilization in the
wheat for double cropped soybeans
11 sites/years SW Santa Fe-SE Córdoba Thomas et
al., 2003
6 sites/years Central Santa Fe Vivas
Fontanetto, 2003
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Future research

• The role of soil organic P fractions in P supply
  for soybean
• P management for the crop rotation
• The development of fertilization recommendations
  for S
• The evaluation of S sources
• Potential responses to secondary nutrients and
  micronutrients (Ca, Mg, B, Mo)
• Sustainability of current soybean production
  systems