Status of Operational GNSS Augmentations in United States

1
Status of Operational GNSS Augmentations in
United States

• Pamela Gomez
• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
• WAAS GCCS Team Lead

2
GNSS In U.S.

• U.S. Has Approved Use of Global Positioning
  System (GPS) For Aircraft Navigation For Over A
  Decade
• FAA Working With Other U.S. Federal Government
  Agencies To Insure Modernization of GPS Improves
  Aviation Capabilities
• FAA Has Commissioned the FAAs GNSS Space Based
  Augmentation System (SBAS)
• Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
• FAA Is Continuing Development Of the GNSS Ground
  Based Augmentation System (GBAS)
• Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)
• FAA Has Committed To A Performance Based
  National Airspace System
• Fully utilize the capabilities of all equipment
  aboard the aircraft
• Implement Required Navigation Performance (RNP)

3
GNSS SBAS (WAAS In USA)

• Enhances Navigation In All Phases Of Flight
• Enroute, Arrival, and Departure
• Provides 100 Availability Of GNSS For Even The
  Most Critical RNP or RNAV Operations
• Provides Coverage At All Altitudes From 100,000
  Feet To The Surface
• Provides Navigation Services To Users That Are
  Not Currently Served
• Approach
• Enhances Safety By Providing Vertical Guidance To
  Every Runway End In The Coverage Area
• No Ground Hardware Required At Airport
• Allows IFR Operations To All Qualified Airports

4
SBAS WAAS Background

• August 2000 FAA Makes WAAS Available For Non IFR
  Aviation Use
• Signal Available At Surface For All Users
• July 2003 Initial Operating Capability (IOC) For
  All Aircraft Instrument Flight Rule Use
• 100 Coverage CONUS Alaska From 100,000 Ft. To
  Surface
• Horizontal Accuracy 1.5M
• Vertical Accuracy 3M
• Better Than 99.999 Availability Of System
• 95 Availability In CONUS Of Instrument
  Approaches With Vertical Guidance
• Enhances safety
• 250 foot Decision Height / ¾ Mile Visibility
  minimums
• No ground hardware required
• Instrument approach procedure required for each
  runway end

5
WAAS Architecture
6
Area Navigation Availability
7
Current LPV Approach Availability
8
WAAS Development Schedule

• 2003-2008

• Development Will Continue In Two Segments
• LPV Segment
• GLS Segment
• Improvements To Ground Components To Complete
  LPV Segment
• Software Efficiency Improvements, Integrity
  Monitor Improvements, And Additional Ground
  Reference Stations Will Be Brought Online
  Incrementally
• End State Performance Will Result In Greater
  Availability Of Approach With Vertical Guidance
  (LPV 250ft Minimums)
• 99 Continental United States
• 95 In Most Of Alaska
• Addition of GEO Satellites To Provide At Least
  Two In View To All Users Over All CONUS And
  Alaska
• Improvements To Ground Components To Complete
  GLS Segment
• Requires GPS Modernization L5 Frequency
• WAAS 200 Minimums (First WAAS Precision
  Approach)
• Requires Hardware And Software Modifications

2007
2008 -2013
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Development Activities LPV

• Hardware
• 13 Additional Wide Area Reference Stations To
  Improve Availability And Coverage
• 4 Alaska
• 5 Mexico
• 4 Canada
• Equipment Upgrade Using Commercial Off The Shelf
  Hardware When Feasible
• Communications
• Enhancing The Terrestrial Communications Network
• Software
• More Efficient Integrity Monitor Algorithms
• Enhanced OM Efficiency
• Prime Contractor - Raytheon

10
Predicted LPV Availability2008 Full LPV
Capability
11
North America

• USA, Canada, and Mexico Are Working Through The
  North American Aviation Trilateral (NAAT)
  Regional Cooperation Meeting On Civil Aviation
  Safety, Security, Capacity, And Efficiency To
  Cooperate On The Implementation of GNSS In The
  North American Region
• Canada And Mexico Will Host Additional Reference
  Stations To WAAS System
• 5 Mexico
• 4 Canada
• Provides WAAS Coverage In Canada And Mexico
• Improves Availability For U.S.

12
Canada

• Installing Four Reference Stations
• Goose Bay
• Gander
• Iqaluit
• Winnipeg
• Site Surveys Complete
• First Two Sites Will Be Installed In August 2005,
  Second Two Installed In August 2006
• Expect Operational In 2006 And 2007 Respectively

13
Mexico

• Installing Five Reference Stations
• Mexico City
• Merida
• Puerto Vallarta
• La Paz
• Tapachula
• Three Site Surveys Completed In August, The
  Remaining Two Next Summer
• First Three Sites Installed In August 2005,
  Second Two Installed In August 2006
• Expect Operational In 2006 And 2007 Respectively

14
WAAS GLS Development

• Will Commence In 2008
• In USA, GLS Capability Will Require Modernized
  GPS Constellation
• Addition Of Second Frequency, L5
• Availability Of L5 For Operational Use By
  Aviation Expected By 2013
• FAA Ground Upgrade Complete In 2013
• Hardware
• Upgrade of Reference Station Receivers To Receive
  L5
• Software
• Broadcast Of WAAS Message On L5
• Will Eliminate Loss Of Vertical Guidance Caused
  By Ionospheric Storms
• Full GLS Capability Throughout Coverage Area
• System Will Be Capable Of Augmenting Other
  Satellite Navigation System Constellations

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Current GEO ServiceInmarsat III

• Main Problem Is Single Coverage Over the Majority
  of CONUS

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INMARSAT III

• Current INMARSAT Lease Expires September 2006
• Market Survey Released In May For Possible Lease
  Extension To 2009/2010
• Four Vendors Responded
• INMARSAT AOR-W Scheduled To Be Relocated From 54W
  To 98W In October 2005
• High Risk To WAAS Users In CONUS
• WAAS Team Performing Trade Study On Mitigation
  Options To Include
• Feasibility Study To Leave AOR In Place Until
  GCCS Becomes Operational
• Data Link Only During 22-day Relocation

17
GEO Satellite Improvements

• Lockheed Martin Prime Contractor
• Contract Definitization Expected To Be Complete
  February 2005
• Contract Structured to Provide
• Leased Payloads on Up to 3 Satellites
• Ground Infrastructure to Support Signal in Space
• Goal is Two GEOs In View To All Users Over CONUS
  and Alaska by 2007

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PanAmSat at 133W

• Ground Uplink Stations
• Signal Generator Subsystem (SGS) Factory
  Acceptance Tests Complete
• Radio Frequency Unit (RFU) Installations
  Complete, Napa CA and Littleton, CO
• SGS/RFU Integration starting February 05
• PanAmSat Galaxy XV
• Satellite Payload Integration to be complete May
  2005
• Delivered to Launch Site in June 2005
• 90-day Launch Window
• GCCS Integration to be complete December 2005
• WAAS Integration Activities
• Operational 4th Qtr 2006

19
Telesat Anik F1R at 107W

• Telesat Canada Anik F1R
• Satellite Payload Integration Complete
• Satellite in Thermal Vacuum Testing
• 90-day Launch Window July 2005 September 2005
• Ground Uplink Stations
• Sites Selected
• Brewster, WA
• Woodbyne, MD
• Long Lead Items Procured
• GCCS Integration to be complete April 2006
• WAAS Integration
• Operational 2nd Qtr 2007

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GEO Transition
Telesat 107W
PanAmSat 133W
INMARSAT 3 AOR/W 54W
INMARSAT 3 POR 178E
INMARSAT AOR/W 98W

• Provides Dual Coverage Over CONUS and Alaska with
  AOR/W as hot spare

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WAAS Avionics

• Two Certified Receivers Currently Available
• Garmin Chelton Systems (With Free Flight
  Systems WAAS Sensor)
• Garmin
• CNX-80
• Field Upgradeable to Complete WAAS
  Functionalities
• GNS-480 (The Upgraded CNX-80)
• Sales Forecast Of 2,000 Units This Year
• Retail 11,995
• GNS-430/530
• Currently 50,000 Units Sold, Expect 30 To Buy
  The Upgrade
• Approximately 1,500 for Upgrade, Available
  October
• GNS-1000
• Plan To Offer Upgrade In 2005

22
WAAS Avionics

• Rockwell-Collins In Development Of WAAS
  Capability In Multi-Mode Receiver (MMR)
• Free Flight Systems Upgrading Sensor In Shelton
  CAPSTONE Avionics To Provide Vertical Approach
  Capability
• Other Manufacturers Developing WAAS/SBAS Capable
  Avionics
• WAAS Avionics Can Be Installed In All Aircraft
  (Avionics Not Yet Available For All)
• WAAS Integration Into Full Flight Management
  System (FMS) Capability Expected Within Three
  Years

23
Operational Implementation

• Existing Procedures
• 57 LPVs
• 739 LNAV/VNAV
• 3,670 LNAV/GPS
• Procedure Production
• FY 05 Airport List Has Been Approved
• 214 Procedures Planned
• 122 Are at Non-ILS Runways
• 43 Provide Capability at Airports Where No
  Precision Approach Existed
• FY 06
• 341 Procedures Planned
• 258 Are at Non-ILS Runways
• 210 Provide Capability at Airports Where No
  Precision Approach Existed

24
WAAS Schedule
2005
2006
2007
2008
Item
Commissioning (July 2003) Alaskan Site
Installation Complete PanAmSat Launch Telesat
Launch C V Complete Software Performance
Build Mexican Site Installation Canadian Site
Installation PanAmSat Operational Telesat
Operational TCS Complete Initial WRS Sites
Operational JRC Decision on GLS
Development Software OM Enhancements
Complete Full Integration
12/08
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Potential WAAS Civil Applications

• Agriculture
• Aviation
• Maritime
• Highway
• Railroad
• Precision Timing
• Mining/Geology
• Surveying
• Banking
• Remote Sensing

• Power
• Telecommunications
• Law Enforcement
• Emergency
• Disaster Response
• Weather
• Construction
• Recreation
• Environmental Mgmt
• Mapping/Geodesy

26
Current WAAS/SBAS Civil Applications

• Agricultural
• Marine
• Outdoor Recreation
• Surveying
• Emergency
• Millions of Civil Users Today

27
GBAS/LAAS Status

• FY04 LAAS Was Directed to Research Development
  Status
• Continuing Integrity Analysis for Category 1 LAAS
• LAAS Integrity Panel (LIP) to Resolve All
  Remaining Key Integrity Risks to Low/Medium
• Develop Integrated Prototype to Validate
  Integrity Requirements
• FAA Continues to Support Development of LAAS
  Technology However Budget Constraints Prevent
  Funding Development Activity At This Time
• Customer Support
• Air Carrier/Cargo Manufacturer Support
  Continues

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Operational Implementation

• LAAS Criteria for Straight in Approaches
  Developed
• LAAS Capabilities to Support Terminal Area
  Procedures (TAP) Demonstrated by WJHTC
• Implementation Activities Using LAAS Prototypes
  Being Investigated
• Rockwell Collins LAAS Capable Multi-Mode Receiver
  (MMR) available
• Boeing 737 GLS Certification Flights Completed
• AIRBUS GLS Certification Planned for 2005

29
International Activities

• Continue Support for RTCA/ICAO Requirements
  Process For GBAS CAT II/III
• Support Harmonization Between RTCA and EUROCAE
• Continue Support of International GBAS
  Initiatives
• Brazil Testing and Data Collection
• Air Services Australia GBAS/GRAS Development
  Activities
• Coordination with European GBAS Working Group,
  International Service Providers and Aircraft
  Manufacturers
• Eurocontrol Member States, Boeing, and Airbus

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Summary SBAS/WAAS

• Benefits All Classes Of Aviation Users
• Commissioned For IFR Use On July 10, 2003
• Signal Enhances Navigation In All Phases Of
  Flight
• WAAS Enhances RNP And Performance Based NAS
• Enhances Safety And Efficiency Of NAS
• Aviation Receivers Available Today, More Coming
  To Market Over Next Three Years
• Will Be Improved Incrementally To Bring Added
  Capability Online As Soon As It Is Ready
• Demonstrates FAA Commitment To Improving Services
  For All Aviation Users

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http//gps.faa.gov
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Regional Cooperation
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Latest GPS/SBAS Receivers For Non-Aviation Use
Garmin StreetPilot 2620 Automotive
Trimble R8
Magellan Road Mate Automotive
Garmin Quest Automotive/Marine/Adventure
John Deere StarFire iTC Agriculture
Lowrance LCX-104C Marine Receiver
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Current and Future LPV Approaches
35
Charting with LPV minimum line
WAAS Channel Number
Temperature Restriction Does Not Apply to
WAAS Equipment
WAAS Approach ID WWAAS 24Runway 24 A1st WAAS
Approach To Rwy 24
LPV Minimum Line