Title: Glands and Hormones
1Glands and Hormones
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3Slide 9.23a
- Found at the base of the throat
- Butterfly shaped
- Produces two hormones
- 1)Thyroid hormone
- 2) Calcitonin
4 5- Major metabolic hormone
- Requires iodine to produce thyroid hormones
- Goiter - swelling of the thyroid as a result of
iodine deficiency
6Imbalance of Thyroid Hormone Hyperthyroidism -
Too much thyroid hormone a) result
nervousness, higher body temp., increased
heart and metabolic rates, and weight loss
7b) treatment radioactive iodine or surgical
removal of part of the thyroid gland c) Graves
disease
8Hypothyroidism - not enough thyroid hormone
a) result lower metabolic rates and body temp.,
lack of energy, and weight gain b)
treatment supplementary thyroid hormone
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10- Decreases blood calcium levels by causing its
deposition on bone - Antagonistic to parathyroid hormone
11- Tiny masses toward the back of the thyroid
- Two per lobe
12- Parathyroid hormone
- Stimulate cells to remove calcium from bone,
raising calcium levels in the blood
13- Sits on top of the kidneys
- Two sections
- 1) Cortex outer region
- 2) Medulla inner region
14- 1) Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex
- a) Cortisol released in response to long term
stress - - increases blood pressure, blood sugar
- - decreases immunity
-
- b) Target the kidneys to regulate water and
salts
15- 2) Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
- Produces two similar hormones
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
- These hormones prepare the body to deal with
short-term stress - fight or flight response
16Fight or Flight regulated by sympathetic
nervous system
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18- a mixed gland that produces
- a) hormones b) digestive enzymes
19- Hormones maintain blood sugar levels
- Insulin allows glucose to enter cells
- Glucagon converts glycogen to glucose
20- Pancreatic Hormones and Blood Sugar
21- Found toward the middle of the brain
- Secretes melatonin
- Establishes the bodys wake and sleep cycles
- Other functions??
22- Located behind the sternum, gets smaller with age
- Produces thymosin
- Matures some types of white blood cells
- Important in developing the immune system
23Slide 9.36
- 1) Estrogen
- Stimulates the development of secondary female
characteristics - Matures female reproductive organs
- Helps prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized
egg - Helps maintain pregnancy
- Prepares the breasts
- to produce milk
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25- 2) Progesterone
- Produced by the corpus luteum
- Acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual
cycle - Helps in the implantation of an embryo in the
uterus
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27- H. Hormones of the Testes
- Testosterone
- Responsible for
- -adult male secondary sex characteristics
- -growth and maturation of male reproductive
system - -sperm cell production
28- Developmental Aspects of the Endocrine System
- Menopause is brought on by decreased function of
the ovaries - Problems associated with reduced estrogen are
common - Many endocrine glands decrease output with age