Chapter 15

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Chapter 15 The Nervous System The Brain and
Cranial Nerves
Organization, Protection Support of the Brain
The Brain Stem and Cerebellum
The Cerebrum
The Diencephalon
The Cranial Nerves
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FINAL ROUND
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Topic 1 100 Question

• Which secondary brain vesicle gives rise to the
  cerebellum at birth?
• a. telencephalon
• b. metencephalon
• c. diencephalon
• d. myelencephalon

ANSWER
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Topic 1 100 Answer

• Which secondary brain vesicle gives rise to the
  cerebellum at birth?
• a. telencephalon
• b. metencephalon
• c. diencephalon
• d. myelencephalon

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Topic 1 200 Question

• Which of the following supports and protects the
  two occipital lobes of the cerebrum?
• a. septum pellucidum
• b. tentorium cerebelli
• c. falx cerebri
• d. falx cerebelli

ANSWER
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Topic 1 200 Answer

• Which of the following supports and protects the
  two occipital lobes of the cerebrum?
• a. septum pellucidum
• b. tentorium cerebelli
• c. falx cerebri
• d. falx cerebelli

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Topic 1 300 Question

• Which of the following structures acts as a roof
  over the cranial blood vessels?
• a. dura mater
• b. pia mater
• c. arachnoid mater
• d. falx cerebri

ANSWER
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Topic 1 300 Answer

• Which of the following structures acts as a roof
  over the cranial blood vessels?
• a. dura mater
• b. pia mater
• c. arachnoid mater
• d. falx cerebri

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Topic 1 400 Question

• Which of the following statements regarding
  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is/are true?
• a. The ependymal cells use both active and
  passive transport mechanisms to secrete CSF into
  the ventricles.
• b. Although CSF is derived from plasma, it is
  not merely a simple filtrate of blood.
• c. Except at the choroid plexus, the ependymal
  lining is freely permeable, and the CSF is in
  constant communication with the interstitial
  fluid of the central nervous system.
• d. All of the above is true.

ANSWER
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Topic 1 400 Answer

• Which of the following statements regarding
  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is/are true?
• a. The ependymal cells use both active and
  passive transport mechanisms to secrete CSF into
  the ventricles.
• b. Although CSF is derived from plasma, it is
  not merely a simple filtrate of blood.
• c. Except at the choroid plexus, the ependymal
  lining is freely permeable, and the CSF is in
  constant communication with the interstitial
  fluid of the central nervous system.
• d. All of the above is true.

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Topic 1 500 Question

• Which of the following statements regarding
  endothelial transport across the blood-brain
  barrier is false?
• a. Endothelial cells passively absorb glycine
  from the interstitial fluid of the brain and
  secrete it into the blood.
• b. It is both selective and directional.
• c. Even when circulating glucose levels are low,
  endothelial cells continue to transport glucose
  from the blood to the interstitial fluid of the
  brain.
• d. None of the above is false.

ANSWER
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11
Topic 1 500 Answer

• Which of the following statements regarding
  endothelial transport across the blood-brain
  barrier is false?
• a. Endothelial cells passively absorb glycine
  from the interstitial fluid of the brain and
  secrete it into the blood.
• b. It is both selective and directional.
• c. Even when circulating glucose levels are low,
  endothelial cells continue to transport glucose
  from the blood to the interstitial fluid of the
  brain.
• d. None of the above is false.

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12
Topic 2 100 Question

• The cerebral cortex is linked to the
  diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal
  cord via
• a. association fibers
• b. projection fibers
• c. commissural fibers
• d. longitudinal fasciculi

ANSWER
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Topic 2 100 Answer

• The cerebral cortex is linked to the
  diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal
  cord via
• a. association fibers
• b. projection fibers
• c. commissural fibers
• d. longitudinal fasciculi

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Topic 2 200 Question

• The primary motor cortex is found in which lobe
  of the cerebrum?
• a. frontal lobe
• b. parietal lobe
• c. temporal lobe
• d. occipital lobe

ANSWER
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Topic 2 200 Answer

• The primary motor cortex is found in which lobe
  of the cerebrum?
• a. frontal lobe
• b. parietal lobe
• c. temporal lobe
• d. occipital lobe

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Topic 2 300 Question

• Which of the following statement regarding the
  postcentral gyrus is true?
• a. It is found in the frontal lobe.
• b. Its surface contains the primary motor
  cortex.
• c. Its surface contains the primary sensory
  cortex.
• d. The neurons found within its cortex are
  pyramidal cells.

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ANSWER
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Topic 2 300 Answer

• Which of the following statement regarding the
  postcentral gyrus is true?
• a. It is found in the frontal lobe.
• b. Its surface contains the primary motor
  cortex.
• c. Its surface contains the primary sensory
  cortex.
• d. The neurons found within its cortex are
  pyramidal cells.

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Topic 2 400 Question

• Which of the following functional deficits may
  occur in an individual with a damaged visual
  association area?
• a. Letters may be seen quite clearly, but they
  cannot be recognized or interpreted.
• b. Written letters and words can be understood,
  but the person cannot read.
• c. An individual can scan the lines of a printed
  page and see rows of clear symbols that convey no
  meaning.
• d. a and c

ANSWER
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Topic 2 400 Answer

• Which of the following functional deficits may
  occur in an individual with a damaged visual
  association area?
• a. Letters may be seen quite clearly, but they
  cannot be recognized or interpreted.
• b. Written letters and words can be understood,
  but the person cannot read.
• c. An individual can scan the lines of a printed
  page and see rows of clear symbols that convey no
  meaning.
• d. a and c

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Topic 2 500 Question

• Which of the following structures is/are not
  considered to be part of the limbic lobe?
• a. parahippocampal gyrus
• b. reticular formation
• c. dentate gyrus
• d. cingulate gyrus

ANSWER
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Topic 2 500 Answer

• Which of the following structures is/are not
  considered to be part of the limbic lobe?
• a. parahippocampal gyrus
• b. reticular formation
• c. dentate gyrus
• d. cingulate gyrus

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Topic 3 100 Question

• Which thalamic nuclear group receives visual
  information from the eyes?
• a. pulvinar
• b. lateral geniculate nucleus
• c. ventral posterior nucleus
• d. medial geniculate nucleus

ANSWER
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Topic 3 100 Answer

• Which thalamic nuclear group receives visual
  information from the eyes?
• a. pulvinar
• b. lateral geniculate nucleus
• c. ventral posterior nucleus
• d. medial geniculate nucleus

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Topic 3 200 Question

• Which of the following thalamic nuclei project
  auditory information to the auditory cortex of
  the temporal lobe of the brain?
• a. pulvinar
• b. nuclei of the anterior group
• c. nuclei of the medial group
• d. medial geniculate nuclei

ANSWER
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Topic 3 200 Answer

• Which of the following thalamic nuclei project
  auditory information to the auditory cortex of
  the temporal lobe of the brain?
• a. pulvinar
• b. nuclei of the anterior group
• c. nuclei of the medial group
• d. medial geniculate nuclei

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Topic 3 300 Question

• Which of the following nuclei/areas stimulates
  smooth muscle contractions in the uterus and
  prostate gland, and myoepithelial cell
  contractions in the mammary glands?
• a. suprachiasmatic nucleus
• b. preoptic area
• c. paraventricular nucleus
• d. tuberal area

ANSWER
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Topic 3 300 Answer

• Which of the following nuclei/areas stimulates
  smooth muscle contractions in the uterus and
  prostate gland, and myoepithelial cell
  contractions in the mammary glands?
• a. suprachiasmatic nucleus
• b. preoptic area
• c. paraventricular nucleus
• d. tuberal area

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Topic 3 400 Question

• Which of the following statements regarding the
  suprachiasmatic nucleus is/are false?
• a. It coordinates daily cycles of activity that
  are linked to the day/night cycle.
• b. Its output adjusts the activities of the
  hypothalamic nuclei, the pineal gland, and the
  reticular formation.
• c. It is one of the ventral nuclei of the
  thalamus.
• d. b and c

ANSWER
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Topic 3 400 Answer

• Which of the following statements regarding the
  suprachiasmatic nucleus is/are false?
• a. It coordinates daily cycles of activity that
  are linked to the day/night cycle.
• b. Its output adjusts the activities of the
  hypothalamic nuclei, the pineal gland, and the
  reticular formation.
• c. It is one of the ventral nuclei of the
  thalamus.
• d. b and c

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Topic 3 500 Question

• Which of the following statements regarding the
  epithalamus is/are true?
• a. It is the site of concentration of most of
  the neural tissue in the diencephalon.
• b. The interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia)
  extends into the third ventricle from the
  epithalamus on either side.
• c. The posterior portion of the epithalamus
  contains the pineal gland, an endocrine structure
  that secretes melatonin.
• d. a and c

ANSWER
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31
Topic 3 500 Answer

• Which of the following statements regarding the
  epithalamus is/are true?
• a. It is the site of concentration of most of
  the neural tissue in the diencephalon.
• b. The interthalamic adhesion (massa intermedia)
  extends into the third ventricle from the
  epithalamus on either side.
• c. The posterior portion of the epithalamus
  contains the pineal gland, an endocrine structure
  that secretes melatonin.
• d. a and c

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32
Topic 4 100 Question

• Which of the following is not a function of the
  mesencephalon?
• a. processing of visual and auditory data
• b. generation of reflexive somatic motor
  responses
• c. adjusts output of other somatic motor centers
  in the brain and spinal cord
• d. All of the above are functions of the
  mesencephalon.

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ANSWER
33
Topic 4 100 Answer

• Which of the following is not a function of the
  mesencephalon?
• a. processing of visual and auditory data
• b. generation of reflexive somatic motor
  responses
• c. adjusts output of other somatic motor centers
  in the brain and spinal cord
• d. All of the above are functions of the
  mesencephalon.

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34
Topic 4 200 Question

• Which of the following accurately describes the
  nuclei in the medulla oblongata?
• a. They may be relay stations along sensory
  pathways.
• b. They may be relay stations along motor
  pathways.
• c. They may be nuclei associated with cranial
  nerves connected to the pons.
• d. All of the above.

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ANSWER
35
Topic 4 200 Answer

• Which of the following accurately describes the
  nuclei in the medulla oblongata?
• a. They may be relay stations along sensory
  pathways.
• b. They may be relay stations along motor
  pathways.
• c. They may be nuclei associated with cranial
  nerves connected to the pons.
• d. All of the above.

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Topic 4 300 Question

• Which mesencephalic structure is responsible for
  automatic processing of incoming sensations and
  outgoing motor commands, can initiate motor
  responses to stimuli, and also helps to maintain
  consciousness?
• a. red nucleus
• b. substantia nigra
• c. cerebral peduncles
• d. reticular activating system

ANSWER
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Topic 4 300 Answer

• Which mesencephalic structure is responsible for
  automatic processing of incoming sensations and
  outgoing motor commands, can initiate motor
  responses to stimuli, and also helps to maintain
  consciousness?
• a. red nucleus
• b. substantia nigra
• c. cerebral peduncles
• d. reticular activating system

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38
Topic 4 400 Question

• Which of the following statements regarding the
  superior colliculi of the corpora quadrigemina is
  true?
• a. They receive auditory data from the medulla
  oblongata, some of which may be forwarded to the
  thalamic medial geniculate nuclei on the same
  side.
• b. They receive visual input from the lateral
  geniculate nucleus of the thalamus on the same
  side.
• c. They receive auditory data from the medulla
  oblongata, some of which may be forwarded to the
  thalamic lateral geniculate nuclei on the same
  side.
• d. They receive visual input from the lateral
  geniculate nucleus of the thalamus on the
  opposite side.

ANSWER
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39
Topic 4 400 Answer

• Which of the following statements regarding the
  superior colliculi of the corpora quadrigemina is
  true?
• a. They receive auditory data from the medulla
  oblongata, some of which may be forwarded to the
  thalamic medial geniculate nuclei on the same
  side.
• b. They receive visual input from the lateral
  geniculate nucleus of the thalamus on the same
  side.
• c. They receive auditory data from the medulla
  oblongata, some of which may be forwarded to the
  thalamic lateral geniculate nuclei on the same
  side.
• d. They receive visual input from the lateral
  geniculate nucleus of the thalamus on the
  opposite side.

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40
Topic 4 500 Question

• Regarding the pons, which of the following is/are
  incorrect?
• a. It contains nuclei that process and relay
  cerebellar commands arriving over the inferior
  cerebellar peduncles.
• b. It contains nuclei concerned with the
  involuntary control of cardiac rhythmicity.
• c. It contains motor nuclei for cranial nerves
  which innervate jaw muscles, the anterior facial
  surface, and the lateral rectus extraocular
  muscles.
• d. a and b

ANSWER
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41
Topic 4 500 Answer

• Regarding the pons, which of the following is/are
  incorrect?
• a. It contains nuclei that process and relay
  cerebellar commands arriving over the inferior
  cerebellar peduncles.
• b. It contains nuclei concerned with the
  involuntary control of cardiac rhythmicity.
• c. It contains motor nuclei for cranial nerves
  which innervate jaw muscles, the anterior facial
  surface, and the lateral rectus extraocular
  muscles.
• d. a and b

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42
Topic 5 100 Question

• The facial nerve (N VII) carries preganglionic
  autonomic fibers to the ______ ganglion, from
  which postganglionic fibers leave to innervate
  the sublingual salivary glands.
• a. geniculate
• b. pterygopalatine
• c. submandibular
• d. sublingual

ANSWER
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43
Topic 5 100 Answer

• The facial nerve (N VII) carries preganglionic
  autonomic fibers to the ______ ganglion, from
  which postganglionic fibers leave to innervate
  the sublingual salivary glands.
• a. geniculate
• b. pterygopalatine
• c. submandibular
• d. sublingual

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44
Topic 5 200 Question

• Which cranial nerve passes through the foramen
  ovale of the skull?
• a. maxillary branch of the facial nerve (N VII)
• b. maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (N
  V)
• c. mandibular branch of the facial nerve (N VII)
• d. mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (N
  V)

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ANSWER
45
Topic 5 200 Answer

• Which cranial nerve passes through the foramen
  ovale of the skull?
• a. maxillary branch of the facial nerve (N VII)
• b. maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (N
  V)
• c. mandibular branch of the facial nerve (N VII)
• d. mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (N
  V)

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46
Topic 5 300 Question

• Which of the following regarding the accessory
  nerve (N XI) is/are true?
• a. It differs from other cranial nerves in that
  some of its motor fibers originate in the
  cervical region of the spinal cord.
• b. It has a mixed sensory and motor function.
• c. It passes through the foramen ovale between
  the occipital and temporal bones.
• d. a and b

ANSWER
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47
Topic 5 300 Answer

• Which of the following regarding the accessory
  nerve (N XI) is/are true?
• a. It differs from other cranial nerves in that
  some of its motor fibers originate in the
  cervical region of the spinal cord.
• b. It has a mixed sensory and motor function.
• c. It passes through the foramen ovale between
  the occipital and temporal bones.
• d. a and b

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48
Topic 5 400 Question

• Which cranial nerve has its origin in the motor
  nuclei of the medulla oblongata?
• a. facial nerve (N VII)
• b. hypoglossal nerve (N XII)
• c. vestibulocochlear nerve (N VIII)
• d. abducens nerve (N VI)

ANSWER
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49
Topic 5 400 Answer

• Which cranial nerve has its origin in the motor
  nuclei of the medulla oblongata?
• a. facial nerve (N VII)
• b. hypoglossal nerve (N XII)
• c. vestibulocochlear nerve (N VIII)
• d. abducens nerve (N VI)

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50
Topic 5 500 Question

• The vestibulocochlear nerve (N VIII) is/does not
  
• a. lie medial to the origin of the facial nerve
  (N VII), straddling the boundary between the pons
  and the medulla oblongata.
• b. reach the sensory receptors of the inner ear
  by entering the internal acoustic meatus along
  with the facial nerve (N VII).
• c. have sensory neurons that are located within
  an adjacent sensory ganglion, and whose axons
  target the vestibular nuclei of the medulla
  oblongata.
• d. a and c

ANSWER
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51
Topic 5 500 Answer

• The vestibulocochlear nerve (N VIII) is/does not
  
• a. lie medial to the origin of the facial nerve
  (N VII), straddling the boundary between the pons
  and the medulla oblongata.
• b. reach the sensory receptors of the inner ear
  by entering the internal acoustic meatus along
  with the facial nerve (N VII).
• c. have sensory neurons that are located within
  an adjacent sensory ganglion, and whose axons
  target the vestibular nuclei of the medulla
  oblongata.
• d. a and c

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52
FINAL ROUND Question

• Which of the following is not a function of the
  hypothalamus?
• a. It coordinates the activities of the nervous
  system and the endocrine system.
• b. It controls circadian rhythms.
• c. It facilitates involuntary control of
  background muscle tone and limb position.
• d. It coordinates between voluntary and
  autonomic functions.

ANSWER
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53
FINAL ROUND Answer

• Which of the following is not a function of the
  hypothalamus?
• a. It coordinates the activities of the nervous
  system and the endocrine system.
• b. It controls circadian rhythms.
• c. It facilitates involuntary control of
  background muscle tone and limb position.
• d. It coordinates between voluntary and
  autonomic functions.

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