Section 1 Sorting It All Out

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Classification
Chapter 9
Preview
Section 1 Sorting It All Out Section 2 Domains
and Kingdoms
Concept Mapping
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
Bellringer
Think about the different ways humans classify
things. In your science journal, list at least
five things that humans classify.
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Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
Objectives

• Explain why and how organisms are classified.
• List the eight levels of classification.
• Explain scientific names.
• Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying
  organisms.

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Why Classify?

• Answering Questions The classification of living
  things makes it easier for biologist to answer
  many important questions such as
• 1. How many known species are there?
• 2. What are the defining characteristics of each
  species?
• 3. What are the relationships between these
  species?

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How do Scientists Classify Organisms?

• Classification Today Taxonomists use the
  eight-level system to classify living things
  based on shared characteristics.
• Branching Diagrams On a branching diagram,
  several characteristics are listed along the line
  that points to the right. Each characteristic is
  shared by the animals to the right of it.

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Levels of Classification

• Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of
  classification are
• 1. Domain
• 2. Kingdom
• 3. Phylum
• 4. Class
• 5. Order
• 6. Family
• 7. Genus
• 8. Species

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Scientific Names

• One Species, One Name A scientific name is always
  the same for a specific kind of organism no
  matter how many common names there might be.
• Two-Part Names The first part of a speciess name
  is the genus name. It is always capitalized. The
  second part of the name is the species name.

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Dichotomous Keys

• What Is a Dichotomous Key? A dichotomous key is a
  tool for identifying organisms that uses a series
  of paired descriptive statements.
• Two-Part Names By working through the statements
  in a dichotomous key in order, a person can
  eventually identify an unknown organism.

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A Growing System

• Still Discoveries to Make People are still
  discovering and classifying organisms.
• Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new
  organisms are found that are so different from
  other known organisms that new classes, phyla,
  and so on must be formed.

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Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Chapter 9
Bellringer
List seven musical artists, bands, or acts.
Categorize the names on your list by style of
music. Describe in your science journal the
categories you chose and explain which bands
might fit into more than one category.
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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Objectives

• Explain how classification developed as greater
  numbers of organisms became known.
• Describe the three domains.
• Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya

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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
What Is It?

• What Is Used to Classify Organisms? Organisms are
  classified by their characteristics.
• Adding New Classification Categories As
  scientists continue to learn about living things,
  they add classification categories that account
  for the characteristics of different organisms.

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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria

• The Domain Archaea Archaea are one of two kinds
  of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are single-celled
  organisms that do not have a nucleus. Most are
  known to live in extreme environments.
• The Domain Bacteria Bacteria are another kind of
  prokaryote. Bacteria can be found in soil,
  water, and even on and inside the human body.

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Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya

• The Kingdom Protista Today members of the kingdom
  Protista commonly called protists, are
  single-celled or simple multicelluar organisms.
• Protista contains many kinds of organisms,
  including protozoans, algae, and euglenoids.

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Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya, continued

• The Kingdom Fungi Molds and mushrooms are
  examples of the complex, multicelluar members of
  the kingdom Fungi.
• Fungi do not perform photosynthesis or eat food.
  Instead, fungi absorb nutrients from substances
  in their surroundings.

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Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Plantae

• Plants The kingdom Plantae consists of organisms
  that are eukaryotic, have cell walls, and make
  food through photosynthesis.
• Examples of Plantae Sequoia trees, roses,
  grasses, ferns, and more are all examples of
  members of the kingdom Plantae.

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Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Animalia

• Animals The kingdom Animalia contains complex,
  multicellular organisms that dont have cell
  walls, are usually able to move around, and have
  specialized sense organs.
• Examples of Animalia Ants, beetles, lizards,
  fish, birds, apes, elephants, and more are all
  examples of members of the kingdom Animalia.
• Simple Animals Most animals are able to move, but
  sponges, a simple animal, cannot move.

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Classification
Chapter 9
Concept Mapping
Use the terms below to complete the Concept
Mapping on the next slide.
kingdom species class classification family scientific name order taxonomy phylum

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Classification
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Classification