Fiontraithe le Gaeilge

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Fiontraithe le GaeilgeAg baint ciall as
chuntasaíocht

• Micheal Mac Giolla Easbuig, A.C.A
• Mac Giolla Easbuig a Chomh.
• Cuntasóir Cairte
• Gleann Cholm Cille
• 26 Aibreán, 2007

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Clár

• Ag plé leis an chuntasóir
• Leabharchoiméad agus Cuntasaíocht
• Téarmaí Cuntasaíochta
• Ag léamh Ráitis Airgeadais (Cuntas Brabúis
  Caillteanais (P L ) agus Clár Comhardaithe (Bal
  Sheet)
• Dualgaisí Stiúrthóirí Chomhlachta
• Léargas ar phacáiste Cuntasaíochta (Sage) agus
  Páigh Rolla (Collsoft)

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Cuntasaíocht

• Cúiseanna go gcaithfear ráitis airgeadais a
  ullmhú?
• Don Bhanc / Institiúid Airgeadais
• Do na Coimisionéirí Ioncaim
• Do Oifig na gCuideachtaí (i gcás comhlachta)
• Eagraíochtaí Stáit deontais agus rl
• Duit féin mar dhuine féinfhostaithe nó stiúrthóir
  comhlachta le staid reatha agus torthaí bliana a
  aimsiú agus a mheas

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Ráitis Airgeadais

• Financial Statements provide the basic means of
  business communications at a management level.
  Without an understanding of financial information
  management cannot communicate the relative
  success of its performance.

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Cuntasóirí in Éirinn

• Chartered Accountants (CAs) are members of the
  Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland
  (ICAI), the premier body of accountants which
  promotes the highest professional services
  delivered with integrity.
• The ICAI has a membership of some 13,000 of whom
  11,000 are based in either the Republic of
  Ireland or Northern Ireland.
• www.icai.ie

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Cuntasóirí in Éirinn

• The Institute of Certified Public Accountants in
  Ireland (CPA) is one of the main Irish
  accountancy bodies with in excess of 5,000
  members and students. The CPA designation is the
  most commonly used designation worldwide for
  professional accountants and the Institutes
  qualification enjoys wide international
  recognition. Its current Membership operates in
  Public Practice, Industry, Financial Services and
  the Public Sector and CPAs work in over 28
  countries around the world.
• www.cpaireland.ie

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Cuntasóirí in Éirinn

• CIMA - The Chartered Institute of Management
  Accountants - is a leading membership body that
  offers an internationally recognised professional
  qualification in management accountancy, which
  focuses on accounting for business.
•  
• www.cimaglobal.com

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Cuntasóirí in Éirinn

• ACCA (the Association of Chartered Certified
  Accountants) is the largest and fastest-growing
  global professional accountancy body with 296,000
  students and 115,000 members in 170 countries. We
  aim to offer the first choice qualifications to
  people of application, ability and ambition
  around the world who seek a rewarding career in
  accountancy, finance and management.
• www.accaglobal.com

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Teicneoirí Cuntasaíochta

• The Institute of Accounting Technicians in
  Ireland was established in 1983 and has become
  the leading accounting technician body in
  Ireland. It currently has over 5,800 students and
  4,600 members.
• www.iati.ie www.aat.co.uk

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Leabharchoiméad V Cuntasaíocht

• Is obair laethúil / seachtainiúil í
  leabharchoiméad
• Taiféad ar gníomhaíochtaí laethúla an ghnó
• Ní gá go mbeadh oiliúint phroifisiúnta ag
  leabharchoiméadaí duine eagraithe, cúramach,
  díograsach
• Cuirtear na leabhair chuig cuntasóir ag deireadh
  na bliana mar bhunábhar na ráitis airgeadais

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Leabharchoiméad

• Purchases Book to record details of all items
  purchasedCheque Payments Book to record details
  of payments for PurchasesSales Book to record
  details of SalesCash Book (Income Book) to
  record details of money received for
  SalesCreditors Ledger to record details of
  transactions in respect of each supplier to my
  companyDebtors Ledger to record details of
  transactions in respect of each person / company
  to whom I sell

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Plean Gnó
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Plean Gnó

• A business plan is a document that summarises the
  following points about your business
• Where it has come from
• Where it is now
• Where it is going in the future
• How it intends to get there
• How much money it needs to fulfil its plans
• What makes it likely to succeed
• What threats or disadvantages must be overcome on
  the way.

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Struchtúir Gnó
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• Trádalaí Aonair
• Unincorporated Entity / Coiste Forbartha
• Páirtíocht
• Comhlacht Teoranta
• Comhlacht le scaireanna
• Comhlacht faoi theorainn rathaíochta

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Tradalaí Aonair

• Buntaistí
• No legal formalities compared to other
  structures.
• The sole trader / unincorporated entity is not
  required to register accounts with any body apart
  from the usual PAYE / PRSI and income tax
  requirements, therefore confidentiality is
  maintained.
• The income from the business is personal income
  and most business expenses can be offset against
  it for tax purposes. The tax is paid at personal
  rates.
• Total responsibility for the business is in the
  hands of the owner.
• The relative ease of winding up the business /
  activity

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Mí-Bhuntaistí

• The owner is personally liable for all debts of
  the business. Coistí???
• Since there is only one owner of the business,
  there is a limit to the amount of capital that
  can be raised for operations. Many may stay small
  because of financial restrictions.
• The life of the business depends entirely on the
  owner

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Páirtnéireacht ( Co.)

• A partnership is defined in legal terms as the
  relation which subsists between persons carrying
  on a business, with a view to profit. In
  essence, it is an extension of the concept of the
  sole trader, which covers cases where two or more
  people join together to start a business.
  Partnerships can have up to twenty members, some
  of whom may be "sleeping partners", who have
  contributed capital to the enterprise, but who
  have no say in the running of the business.
• Greater Financial Resources
• Partnership Agreement
• Improved Decision Making
• Privacy Maintained

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Páirtnéireacht

• Mí-bhuntaistí
• All partners are liable for the debts of the
  business on a joint and several basis.
• While all partners may have a say in the running
  of the business, managerial problems may arise.
• Unless otherwise agreed, the consent of all
  partners is needed before a new partner can be
  introduced.

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Comhlacht Teoranta

• A private company limited by shares The members'
  liability, if the company is wound up, is limited
  to the amount, if any, unpaid on the shares they
  hold. The maximum number of members is 50.

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Comhlacht Teoranta

• A company limited by guarantee not having a share
  capital As this is a public company, there must
  be a minimum of seven members. The members'
  liability is limited to the amount they have
  undertaken to contribute to the assets of the
  company, in the event it is wound up, not
  exceeding the amount specified in the
  memorandum.  Many charitable and professional
  bodies find this form of company to be a suitable
  vehicle as they wish to secure the benefits of
  separate legal personality and of limited
  liability but do not require to raise funds from
  the members.

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Comhlacht Teoranta

• Buntaistí
• Limited liability - shareholders are only liable
  to lose the share capital they subscribe.
• Greater company pension scheme can be secured.
• Greater ability to raise finance by the issue of
  shares and also under the Business Expansion
  Scheme.
• Ownership of the enterprise is spread over a
  greater number of people.
• Personal tax advantages can accrue.

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Comhlacht Teoranta

• Mí-bhuntaistí
• Limited liability may be negated in practice by
  lenders seeking personal guarantees.
• Adhering to legislation contained in the
  Companies Act can be costly and time consuming.
• The need to prepare and file audited accounts.
• The payment of additional taxation when
  accumulated profits are withdrawn from the
  company.

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Ráitis Airgeadais

• The two key financial statements are
• Income Statement
• Balance Sheet.
•  

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Income Statement

• Aka Profit Loss Account / Income Expenditure
  Statement / Operating Statement
• How much profit was earned last year?
• Discusses the flow of income expenditure in a
  specific period of time (normally 1 year)
• The Income Statement
• Revenue Expense Income (Profit)

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Leagan Amach P L

• Sales / Turnover
• Cost of Sales (ie cost of Materials or stock
  being sold)
• Gross Profit
• Expenses Overheads
• Net Profit

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Clár Comhardaithe / Balance Sheet

• How much is the business worth - a picture of
  the business financial position at a point in
  time.

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Leagan amach ar an Chlár Comhardaithe
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Clár Comhardaithe / Bal Sheet
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Suímh Idirlín úsáideacha

• www.companieshouse.gov.uk
• www.cro.ie
• www.odce.ie

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Téarmaí Cuntasaíochta

• Fiachnóirí (Debtors) People who owe you money
  (DOUM)
• Creidneoirí (Creditors) People to whom you owe
  money
• Fabhraithe (Accruals) estimated expenses at end
  of year for which you havent yet received an
  invoice
• Réamhíocaíochtaí (Prepayments) Services paid
  for but not consumed at year end

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Dímheas / Depreciation

• The decrease in the value of any type of tangible
  property over a period of time resulting from
  use, wear and tear, or obsolescence