Unit 2 The French Revolution Chapter 7

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Unit 2 The French RevolutionChapter 7

• 1789-1815
• Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

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Quote of the Day
Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power
corrupts absolutely Lord Acton (1834-1902)
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Europe 1750-1789
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Revolution and France

• Old Regime existing system of Feudalism under a
  King and Queen
• People divided into three estates, or social
  classes
• First Estate
• Second Estate
• Third Estate

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First Estate

• Clergy of Roman Catholic Church
• Against
• Enlightenment ideas
• Owned 10 of land
• 2 of income to taxes

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Second Estate

• Rich nobles held high offices in govt
• Against Enlightenment ideas
• Owned 30 of land
• Paid almost no taxes

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Third Estate

• Consisted of three groups
• Bourgeoisie
• Workers
• Peasants
• 98 of population
• 80 of French are peasants

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Third Estate

• Peasants paid nearly half of their income in
• taxes (like soap, salt bread)
• dues to nobles
• tithes to the church
• Growing resentment towards 1st and 2nd Estates
• Agreed with Enlightenment ideas

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Weak Government

• King Louis XVI inherits debt
• Borrowed to help American colonies defeat the
  British
• Crop failures and bread shortages
• Marie Antoinette overspending and uncaring

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Estates General

• France faced bankruptcy - Louis XVI called an
  Estates General - assembly of representatives
  from all three estates to air grievances a
  cahier
• Met on May 5, 1789 at Versailles
• Unfair voting practices led to more anger

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Tennis Court Oath

• June 17, 1789 Third Estate establishes the
  National Assembly proclaiming the end of monarchy
  and the start of representative government
• Tennis Court Oath indoor tennis court where
  delegates would stay until they made a new
  constitution
• The First Act of Real Revolution

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Causes of the French Revolution
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Question of the Day

• What are some Injustices students face at
  Central Bucks South?
• What can be done to address these problems?
• Create a CBS Cahier

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French Revolution QUIZ

• 6. Why was bread so important to the French
  people?
• 7. Who were the members of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd
  Estates?
• 8. What was Versailles?
• 9. Explain the voting practices at The Estates
  General.
• 10. Who took the Tennis Court Oath?

• What was the Old Regime?
• Who was the King of France in 1789? !
• Who was Madame Deficit?
• What are THREE Enlightenment Ideas?
• Name THREE causes of the French Revolution.
  (other than Enlight. Ideas!)

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Question of the Day

• Have you ever done something (that you regretted
  later!), and the only reason you did it was
  because of WHO you were with at the time?

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French Governments 1789-1795

• 3. The Legislative Assembly
• Limited Constitutional Monarchy
• Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives
• 4. The National Convention
• King and Queen executed
• Robespierre becomes dictator
• The Terror!!!

• 1. The Old Regime
• King and Queen
• Three Estates
• Feudal System
• 2. The National Assembly
• Declaration of the Rights of Man
• Abolish Feudalism and make everyone equal

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King Louis XVI Executed

• Political clubs The Jacobins wanted to remove
  the King permanently
• Louis tried for treason and found guilty
• Guillotined January 21, 1793

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The Terror

• Maximilien Robespierre becomes a dictator
• Closes churches, changes calendar (no Sundays)
• Republic of Virtue
• Reign of Terror

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End of Robespierre

• National Convention leaders knew they were not
  safe from him
• Executed on July 28, 1794
• Public opinion shifted to the Right
  (conservative)
• The Directory 1795

Death Mask of Robespierre
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte

• Napoleon Forges an Empire

Chapter 7 Sections 3 and 4
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QoD

• What makes a person GREAT?
• Based on your definition of greatness, who in our
  society could be considered great?
• Think about all walks of lifepolitics,
  entertainment, sports, teaching, etc.

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Nationalism

• The belief that people should be loyal mainly to
  their nation-that is to people who share a
  culture and history- rather than to a king or
  empire

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Napoleon Bonaparte

• During the 1790s-
• Defeated peasant uprising
• Defeated Austria in battle protected France
• Became famous in Egypt
• By 1799 seen as national hero
• Beloved by his soldiers -

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Coup dEtat

• Encouraged to assume political power by The
  Directory
• November 9, 1799 given full control of the
  military, govt immediately overthrown
• Becomes de facto Dictator The First Consul

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Internal France

• The 1800-1804 plebiscites gave NAP total power
• Taxation equality
• National banking system
• Set up lycees govt run schools
• Signed concordat with Pope Pius VII
• Restored relations with the Church

• Napoleonic Code
• Uniform set of Laws
• Louisiana Purchase (1803)
• 15 goes straight into French military
• Emperor
• December 2, 1804
• Wants his empire to include all of Europe AND
  into the Western Hemisphere

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External Enemies

• NAP defeats European military powers
• Ignites French Nationalism
• Continues military campaign to rule Europe
• Spreading Enlightenment Ideas - really is
  self-serving

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Napoleons Empire Collapses
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Napoleon Biography

• The Glory of France
• Video Analysis

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The Downfall of Napoleon

• The Battle of Trafalgar
• The Continental System
• The Peninsular War
• The Invasion of Russia
• The 100 Days (his first exile)
• Waterloo

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Battle of Trafalgar 1805

• French navy defeated by British fleet
• Horatio Nelson scores victory dies

• RESULTS
• Assured British naval supremacy
• NAP cant invade Britain
• Wants to defeat Britain even more

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The Continental System 1806

• Blockade of British imports and exports to weaken
  Englands economy
• Thanks to Trafalgar, British Navy too strong and
  blockade not tight enough
• RESULTS
• Weakened French economy
• Weakened European economy
• European nations hated NAP

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The Peninsular War 1808-1813

• Portugal not adhering to NAP
• NAP makes brother Joseph King of Spain
• NAP Sends troops through Spain, Spanish riot in
  protest
• Guerrilla Warfare and British send troops to aid
  rebels
• RESULTS
• Cant defeat guerrillas and British
• French Lose 300,000 troops
• Other countries have HOPE and increased
• NATIONALISM!!!

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Invasion of Russia 1812

• Czar Alexander retreats to Moscow
• Scorched-earth policy/slash burn
• Battle of Moscow Russians burn city
• October too late to advance too late to retreat
• RESULTS
• Fierce winter defeats French army NAP retreats
• NAP left France with 600,000 returns with 10,000
• Other powers able to defeat depleted army at
  Leipzig

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Napoleons Defeat

• Fourth Coalition - Britain, Russia, Prussia, and
  Sweden
• October 1813 NAP defeated at Battle of Leipzig
• By January 1814 enemies marching towards Paris
• April 1814 NAP surrenders
• Exiled to island of Elba

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The 100 Days
Lord Wellington
Nosey

• Louis XVIII on throne unpopular brother
• NAP escapes from Elba and quickly re-establishes
  his military
• Louis XVIII flees
• June 1815 NAP defeated at Battle of Waterloo
• Exiled to St. Helena
• Dies 1821 - Cancer?

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Hitler Visiting Napoleons Tomb
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The Congress of ViennaCh. 7 Section 5

• European powers wanted to restore stability
• Austrian Prince Klemens von Metternich
• Three goals
• Containment
• Surround France with strong countries
• Balance of Power
• Strengthen all European nations
• Legitimacy
• Restore Europes royal families

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Congress of Vienna

• LONG TERM RESULTS
• Monarchies restored
• Increased power of Britain and Prussia (Germany)
• Increased nationalism thru Europe
• European colonies declared independent
• Seeds of Revolution throughout the world