Chapter 22: Section 5

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Chapter 22 Section 5

• Socialism

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Terms to Know

• Means of production
• Socialism
• Utopian socialists
• Communism
• Democratic socialism

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Terms to Know

• Means of production
• System of producing large numbers of identical
  items
• Socialism
• Political and economic system in which the
  government owns the means of production
• Utopian socialists
• Persons who believe that people can live at peace
  with each other if they live in small cooperative
  settlements, owning all of the means of
  production in common and sharing the products.
• Communism
• Authoritarian socialism economic and political
  system in which governments own the means of
  production and control economic planning
• Democratic socialism
• Political system in which the government takes
  over the means of production peacefully people
  retain basic human rights and partial control
  over economic planning

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The Main Idea

• The Industrial Revolution gave rise to new ideas
  about economic, political and social justice.

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Socialism

• Industrial Revolution
• FEW people became enormously rich
• MOST remained poor
• Including workers whose labor drove the economy
• Capitalism- Economic system in which individuals,
  rather than governments, control the factors of
  production

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Socialism

• Industrial Revolution
• This uneven distribution of wealth disturbed many
  people.
• They believed the only way to distribute wealth
  more evenly was to change the ownership and
  operation of the means of production.
• Means of Production
• Land
• Capital
• Labor
• These people (reformers) advocated a political
  and economic system called socialism.

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• Socialism
• Governments own the means of production and
  operate them for the benefit of all people, rich
  or poor.
• The socialists wanted to eliminate profit motive
  and competition.
• Believed everyone, not just capitalists and
  factory owners, had a right to share in the
  profits.

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• Distribution of income is based on individual
  merit or individual contribution.
• Each worker receives wages and benefits according
  to the quantity and value of the labor that he or
  she contributed.
• workers of high productivity receiving more wages
  and benefits than workers of average
  productivity, and substantially more than workers
  of low productivity.
• An extension of this principle could also be made
  so that the more difficult one's job is - whether
  this difficulty is derived from greater training
  requirements, job intensity, safety hazards, etc.
  - the more one is rewarded for the labor
  contributed.

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• Socialists generally share the view that
  capitalism concentrates power and wealth within a
  small segment of society that controls the means
  of production and derives its wealth through a
  system of exploitation.
• This creates a stratified society based on
  unequal social relations that fails to provide
  equal opportunities for every individual to
  maximize their potential
• and does not utilize available technology and
  resources to their maximum potential in the
  interests of the public, and focuses on
  satisfying market-induced wants as opposed to
  human needs.
• Socialists argue that socialism would allow for
  wealth to be distributed based on how much one
  contributes to society, as opposed to how much
  capital one holds.

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• Utopian Socialists
• Believed that people could live peacefully with
  each other in small cooperative settlements in
  which everyone would work for the common good.
• They would own all the means of production and
  share the products.
• They worked out plans for model towns and
  encouraged people to set them up.

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• Robert Owen (1771-1858)
• Most influential utopian socialist
• Believed that people who lived in a good
  environment would stop acting selfishly.
• Purchased a spinning mill
• Felt responsible for his workers and spent much
  time and money to make their lives happier and
  more secure
• Felt workers should not rely on employers
• Promoted unions
• villages of cooperation
• Unemployed would be self-supporting instead of
  relying on aid.
• Lived in the United States (1825-1829)
• Tried to set up cooperative communalities run
  along socialist lines
• UNSUCCESSFUL

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• Karl Marx
• Believed the utopian socialism was impractical
• Said the entire capitalist system should be
  destroyed
• Marx and Friedrich Engles
• Published
• The Communist Manifesto (1848)
• View of human history
• The history of all hitherto existing society is
  the history of class struggles

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• Free man and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord
  and serf, guild master and journeyman, in a word,
  oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant
  opposition to one another, carried on an
  uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a
  fight that each time ended either in a
  revolutionary reconstitution of society at large
  or in the common ruin of the contending classes.

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• Karl Marx
• Each stage of history
• involved inequality, and therefore struggle,
  between those who owned property and those who
  did not.
• Argued that all wealth is created by labor
• Under capitalism
• Labor receives only a small fraction of the
  wealth it creates
• Most of the wealth goes to the owners in the form
  of profits
• RESULT
• Unequal distribution of wealth

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• Karl Marxs PREDITICTION
• There will be two classes
• Few capitalists
• Vast mass of workers
• Capitalists would continue to amass wealth while
  driving the working class deeper and deeper into
  poverty.
• The working class would unite and seize power in
  a socialist revolution.
• Socialist Revolution
• 1) Revolutionaries
• Take control of the government
• Many people would not accept the change to
  socialism at first
• 2) After people learned the benefits of working
  together they will be in favor of socialism

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• Karl Marx
• Believed in a classless society
• everybody worked together cooperatively
• called pure communism
• Each person would contribute what he/she could,
  and receive what he/she needed.
• From each according to his abilities, to each
  according to his needs.

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• Communism
• Also known as authoritarian socialism
• Believe that violent revolution was required to
  get rid of capitalism
• Only way to establish governments that owned the
  means of production
• And controlled all economic planning

• Democratic socialism
• Believed that socialism could develop through
• Education
• Democratic forms of government
• Reason when enough people became educated about
  socialism
• They would elect socialist representatives to
  government.
• People retained partial control over economic
  planning
• Through election of officials
• Individuals can own private land
• Government owns at least some of the means of
  production.

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2- Minute Drill

• 1) Socialism means the ____________ own the means
  of production and operate them for the benefit of
  all people, rich or poor.
• 2) ________________ believed that people could
  live peacefully with each other in small
  cooperative settlements in which everyone would
  work for the common good.
• 3)Who was the most influential utopian socialist?
• 4) Would Karl Marx be a promoter of Communism or
  Democratic socialism?
• 5) Karl Marx believed in a _______________.