EPISODE 3

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GLOBAL FUTURES LOCAL FUTURES

• EPISODE 3 ENERGY
• ELECTRICITY BE PART OF THE SOLUTION INSTEAD OF
  THE PROBLEM!

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IS THE WORLD GOING TO END LIKE THIS?

• What is the future if we do not take
  responsibility for our planet?
• How could our use of energy cause this?

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The purpose of this is for you to be an
independent learner!

• The whole of this sub-topic of Global Futures,
  Local Futures is on this presentation and you
  need to take responsibility for getting the
  information you will need for the end assessment.
  During the presentation there will be a series
  of tasks for you to do when you see this
  smiley.

You also have a 2 sheets to complete to help you
examine the different types of energy and the
best option for our future. Remember, there are
2 one for renewable and one for non-renewable
types of energy.
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We have been studying GLOBAL WARMINGand know
that burning fossil fuels to produce electricity
is the biggest cause due to the carbon dioxide
that it releases.Click on the links below and
complete the all the activities to help remind
you why we are doing this. http//www.eon-uk.com
/EnergyExperience/486.htmhttp//www.eon-uk.com/En
ergyExperience/484.htmhttp//www.eon-uk.com/Energ
yExperience/657.htm
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THE FUTURE

• In order for us to do something about the GLOBAL
  problem of temperature rise at a LOCAL level we
  need to either1. find an ALTERNTIVE and
  cleaner more sustainable way of producing
  electricity in this countryand/ or
• 2. Reduce the amount of electricity we use
  in ourhomes, schools and businesses.

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TASK ONEPut todays date in your exercise book
and the title, GLOBAL FUTURES, LOCAL FUTURES
ENERGY AND ELECTRICITYWrite a short paragraph
to explain why we are going to be studying energy
and electricity. How does it link to Global
Warming and how does it fit into our work on
Global Futures and Local Futures?Now research
the meaning of the word SUSTAINABLE and write a
definition in your book.

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Watch this short video in particular the first
few images to remind ourselves about how filthy
we are making our atmosphere by burning and
through power generation
Click on the egg-timer to begin.
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1. The situation NOW!!
Here in 2007, in Lichfield and throughout the
rest of the world, yes this affects all of us
everyday and will continue to do so..
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ELECTRICITY!

• We all use electricity by the bucket load
  every day but producing it in power stations
  causes dreadful pollution as fossil fuels have to
  be burnt in order to produce it.

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Fossil Fuels and Non-Renewable Energy WHAT ARE
THEY?
Where Fossil Fuels Come From There are three
major forms of fossil fuels coal, oil and
natural gas. All three were formed many hundreds
of millions of years ago some even before the
time of the dinosaurs - hence the name fossil
fuels.
Coal, oil and natural gas are also called
NON-RENEWABLE forms of energy. This is because
they formed so long ago and the supplies we have
are finite in other words once theyre gone
theyre gone as it will take millions of years
again for any more to form.
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Where are the worlds fossil fuels?
Task 2 Study the map carefully. Put the title
above into your exercise book and then rank (put
into order) the 9 places on the map according to
how many reserves of fossil fuels they have.
Start from the one with the most and end with the
one with the least.
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• So they are filthy dirty and they are running
  out!

TASK 3 (a) Write the meaning of the following
terms into your books Fossil Fuels (name the 3
fossil fuels too) Non-renewable
energy Finite (b) Give 2 reasons why we should
be looking for alternatives to fossil fuels.
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1. COAL
Non renewable energy
How does coal form?
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How does coal make electricity?

1. Coal is pulverised (battered!) into dust
2. Hot air blows coal dust into the furnace
3. The dust burns like a gas and boils the water
4. Superheated steam drives the turbines
5. The generator produces electricity
6. Steam is cooled and converted into water by the
   condenser
7. The warm water is cooled by air blowing through
   the tower
8. Water is recirculated to maximise use

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Some facts about coal and electricity production

• Coal is non-renewable
• Coal is found in England, Wales, Scotland,
  Northern Ireland, USA, India, China, South
  Africa, Australia, Russia, Poland, Columbia and
  the Ukraine
• The UK has 17 major coal fired power stations
• There should be enough coal for use to use until
  the end of the 22nd century.

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COAL and electricity production the good, the
bad and the ugly!
ADVANTAGES Of using coal to generate
electricity Burning coal is the cheapest way of
generating electricity at the moment Power
stations can be built pretty much anywhere there
is a water supply and good transport links There
are still plenty of coal reserves left in the
world
DISADVANTAGES Of using coal to generate
electricity Burning coal produces carbon dioxide
which is the main gas responsible for global
warming and also sulphur dioxide which causes
acid rain. Coal is non-renewable so one day it
will run out You need huge amounts of coal to
produce relatively small amounts of electricity.

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What else is coal used to produce?
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So who is using the most coal?

• TASK 4
• Put the above title into your book and
• Describe what each graph shows
• Write 3 observations about each graph
• Write 3 questions about the information given in
  the graphs
• Is there anything you find strange about the
  graphs?

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2. OIL AND PETROLEUM (Petrol)
Non renewable energy
How do they form?
Oil is another fossil fuel. It was also formed
more than 300 million years ago. Some scientists
say that tiny diatoms is the source of oil.
Diatoms are sea creatures the size of a pin head.
They do one thing just like plants they can
convert sunlight directly into stored energy. In
the graphic on the left, as the diatoms died they
fell to the sea floor (1). Here they were buried
under sediment and other rock (2). The rock
squeezed the diatoms and the energy in their
bodies could not escape. The carbon eventually
turned into oil under great pressure and heat. As
the earth changed and moved and folded, pockets
where oil and natural gas can be found were
formed (3).
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Some facts about oil and electricity production

• Oil is a non-renewable form of energy
• Oil is found mainly in the North Sea
• There are 2 power stations in the UK that use oil
  to generate electricity
• Oil reserves should last into the middle of the
  21st century.

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OIL and electricity production the good, the
bad and the ugly!
DISADVANTAGES Of using oil to generate
electricity Burning coal produces carbon dioxide
which is the main gas responsible for global
warming and also sulphur dioxide which causes
acid rain. Coal is non-renewable and reserves
of oil are running our really quickly Using oil
is very expensive compared to coal and gas.

• ADVANTAGES
• Of using oil to generate electricity
• Oil is easy to move by pipeline or ship
• Power stations can be built pretty much
  anywhere there is a water supply and good
  transport links
• A large amount of energy can be quickly
  produced by one power station

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• TASK 5
• Put the title, Oil and Petroleum
• Make a sketch of this cartoon
• Write a sentence to explain what the cartoon
  shows
• Now make up your own cartoon to give the same
  message sketch it into your book.

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TASK 6 The future for car drivers?
Put the title above into your book Describe in
your own words what the cartoon show us How
realistic do you think this cartoon is? Do you
think this could happen in the future? Explain
your answer.
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Non renewable energy
3. NATURAL GAS
How does it form?

• Gas is the remains of dead sea creatures from
  millions of year ago
• The dead bodies sink, mix with sand and mud and
  are buried beneath more sediment.
• This pressure creates kerogen which breaks up
  over time creating natural gas.
• It is deep so hard to access.

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So how from gas to electricity then?

• First they need to get it out from underneath the
  ground or underneath the ground, beneath the
  sea!

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And then its off to the power station!
Gas is burned in a turbine like a jet engine on a
plane, this turns a generator creating
electricity. There are 36 gas fired power
stations in the UK but only enough gas to last
into the mid 21st century. The UK imports most
of its gas which is why are bills are so
expensive!
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OPTION 1 Reducing the amount of electricity that
we all use.

• __ _____

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Complete the following activities that will help
you think about saving electricity.

• http//www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/101.htm
• http//www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/111.htm
• http//www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/656.htm

Task 7 Put the title, Saving energy into your
book. Draw an illustrated spider diagram to show
how you intend to reduce the amount of energy you
and your family use or waste at home!
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OPTION 2 Finding alternative ways of producing
electricity that do not involve the burning of
fossil fuels so they are cleaner and more
sustainable.
2. The Future?
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The FUTURE could still be. Non renewable energy
4. Nuclear Power!

• Although this is a non-renewable form of
  energy it is a realistic option for our future
  electricity production as it created from uranium
  and we have lots of that!! We already have 11
  nuclear power stations in the UK. However, as I
  am sure you are aware nuclear energy is not
  without its issues.

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Nuclear energy -
8 Put this title, then write out the questions
leaving space to answer them, the answers are in
the video!

1. What is it used for?
2. What is nuclear energy?
3. How is it made?
4. What are the waste products?
5. What are their possible environmental impact?

click to watch the video.
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Nuclear explosions are something to fear!
click to watch the video.
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In 1986 there was an explosion at the nuclear
power station in Chernobyl

• Watch this video click on it.

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Chernobyl affected a lot of people over a very
wide area..
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But is it all bad?

• DISADVANTAGES
• Of using nuclear power
• It is unpopular because people worry about how
  safe it is.
• Nuclear energy is non-renewable, when the
  uranium runs out that will be it.
• Making electricity creates nuclear waste which
  is incredibly difficult to get rid off.
• Nuclear power stations cannot be switched on and
  off easily
• If there is an accident its serious!

• ADVANTAGES
• Of using nuclear power
• Uranium is cheap and readily available and
  nuclear fuel is easily stored.
• A small amount of nuclear fuel produces a
  large amount of electricity.
• Nuclear power stations do not produce any
  carbon dioxide so do not contribute to global
  warming.

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Watch this video to help you decide whether
nuclear power is a good idea or not.
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A Nuclear Future?

• Is nuclear power the way to deal with
  increasing energy demand? Get involved in the
  debate here.
• http//www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/653.htm

• Task 9 Put the title, Is Nuclear Energy the way
  forward for us into your exercise books. Write
  500 words explaining whether or not you think
  that nuclear energy is a good idea for us or
  not. Set it out like this
• Introduction say what nuclear power is
• Main body of your writing deal with both sides
  of the argument, mention the advantages and the
  disadvantages of its use
• Conclusion say what your opinion is, do you
  think we should use it or not and back your view
  up with some of the evidence that you have
  mentioned.

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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

• ALTERNATIVE ENERGY is the name we give to energy
  we get from sources other than fossil fuels.
• It is RENEWABLE ENERGY as the sources will not
  run out!

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1. Hydro-electric power Power created by water
movement
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You can clearly see the power that the water has
and how it turns the turbine to create
electricity.
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HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER IS IT THE FUTURE FOR
ENERGY SUPPLY?

• The cost of producing the electricity is so
  cheap that it is virtually free!!
• It does not produce any carbon dioxide
• It relies on rainwater and we get plenty of that!
• The dams are controlled to produce as much or as
  little electricity as we need so none is wasted
  and we can turn it up if we need more!

• The dams are incredibly expensive to build
• People have to move so the land can be flooded to
  make the reservoir animal habitats are also
  lost
• The best sites are usually in the mountains so
  miles away from the towns that need the water and
  energy

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2. Wind power Power created by the wind
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Facts about wind energy.

• Wind turns the turbine around which then generate
  electricity, even on a calm day there is enough
  breeze to create some electricity
• Wind farms are located where its most windy
  either high on hills or in the sea.
• It is totally renewable, clean (producing no
  carbon dioxide) and cheap (about 5p for an hours
  electricity)
• We have 135 wind farms in the UK and now you can
  have mini wind turbines on your house!

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WIND POWER - IS IT THE FUTURE FOR ENERGY SUPPLY?

• We cannot control the wind!Wind turbines close
  down if the wind is too gentle or too strong.
• They can only be built in certain areas (sea or
  hills)
• People think they are ugly so dont want them
  built near their homes
• They can kill birds who fly into them.

• Once the wind farm is built the running costs are
  very low
• There is no release of carbon dioxide
• The land around the wind turbine can still be
  used for farming.
• It is a renewable form of energy the wind will
  not run out!
• The wind farms are safe and easy to build.

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Study these photos and the map below to complete
your sheet, Where to locate a new wind farm
Allonby
Anthorn
3
Burgh-by-sands
1
2
. Skiddaw
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Task 10
5
Caldbeck fells
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Site 1- Anthorn Anthorn is a remote village on
the NW Cumbrian coast. There are already tall
radio masts here, which have been used since
WWII.
Site 2- Burgh by Sands A coastal marsh on the
Estuary of the River Eden near the city of
Carlisle.
Site Location Map- North Cumbria
1
2
3
5
Site 3- Allonby A small coastal town. Locals
attractions of wild coastline and wild horses
attract a few tourists. cafes and campsite.
Offshore wind farm proposed- shallow windy!
Site 4- Skiddaw One of the highest mountains in
the Lake District National Park overlooking
Bassenthwaite Lake, A major tourist attraction!
Site 5- Caldbeck fells Just outside the Lake
District National Park the Caldbeck fells are on
high exposed land. Remote although access by many
country lanes.
4
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3. Solar power Power created by the sun
Solar panels turn the suns light into heat and
electricity, they are also used to heat up water
in the home. There are over 100 000 small solar
heating systems in the UK but very few houses
have them as we dont get enough sun!! France,
however, have a huge solar power station. It
costs around 6000 to have solar panels fitted
but then it only costs 10p for an hours
electricity
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SOLAR POWER - IS IT THE FUTURE FOR ENERGY SUPPLY?

• Solar energy is renewable and the suns light is
  free
• Solar energy has given people electricity in
  remote areas where there is no other source of
  energy
• No carbon dioxide is created when using solar
  power to create electricity
• There is no transporting of energy the power is
  created and used in the same place.

• Solar panels do not work when it is cloudy or in
  the night when it is dark.
• The UK does not get enough sun to make solar
  energy possible here.

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4. BIOMASSPower created by plant and animal
matter, animal waste and human sewage
The plant, animal and human waste is burnt in a
boiler to produce steam which turns a turbine to
create electricity. Most UK power stations use
some biomass and there are a few that just use
biomass to create electricity.
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BIOMASS - IS IT THE FUTURE FOR ENERGY SUPPLY?

• It is renewable plants are grown especially for
  this
• It supports farmers as it gives them a market for
  their crops
• It is carbon neutral it does release carbon but
  this is cancelled out because the crops grown
  absorb carbon.

• It is a very expensive way of producing
  electricity
• It does create carbon dioxide
• You are limited where you can put the power
  stations as they need to be near the supply of
  biomass.

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5. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Power created by the
earths underground heat.
It is incredibly hot beneath the ground and in
some countries with volcanic activity people can
access this heat. They can use wells to heat
their water and steam from beneath the earth is
also used to turn turbines and create
electricity. There are no geothermal power
stations in the UK but there is one in
Southampton that supplies hot water.
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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY- IS IT THE FUTURE FOR ENERGY
SUPPLY?

• Finding sites for geothermal power stations is
  very difficult
• Boreholes can get damaged if they are over used
  and run out off steam which then does not
  re-appear for many year.
• Dangerous gases can escape from the wells and
  boreholes.
• It is not an option for the UK.

• No air pollution is created
• Running costs for geothermal power stations are
  really cheap
• It is renewable

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1. Wave power power created by the sea

Waves have massive amounts of energy and there
are 2 ways (see pictures) of trapping this energy
to turn turbines and produce electricity. There
are many devices around the UK that are using
wave energy.
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WAVE POWER - IS IT THE FUTURE FOR ENERGY SUPPLY?

• The devices that trap the wave energy need to be
  really strong due to storms
• If they are damaged its hard to repair them as
  they are so far out to sea.

• The UK has much potential to use this type of
  energy
• Wave power is more reliable than wind or sun
• There is no carbon released
• It is renewable

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7. TIDAL POWER Power created by the sea
Tides have enormous of amounts of energy that can
be captured to create electricity. This happens
best in sheltered areas such as lagoons where
water cannot flow as easily (see above). There
are several different ways of trapping the energy
and the UK is a leader in using and developing
tidal energy.
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TIDAL POWER - IS IT THE FUTURE FOR ENERGY SUPPLY?

• Tides are renewable and very reliable
• After the power stations are built the running
  costs are very low
• No carbon dioxide is release
• The UK has huge potential to use this type of
  energy and it could make a significant amount of
  electricity from this source

• Energy can only be produced when the tides are
  moving in or out so about 20 hours a day
• The devices needed to trap the energy are very
  expensive to build.

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Click on the links below and complete the
activities on types of energy.
http//www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/655.htm
http//www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/93.htm h
ttp//www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/112.htm ht
tp//www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/113.htm http
//www.eon-uk.com/EnergyExperience/659.htm
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Time to decide

• Task 11 Using all of the information that you
  have gathered on both renewable and non renewable
  forms of energy answer these questions..
• Which form of renewable energy do you think would
  be best for us here in the UK? Explain your
  reasons carefully.
• Which form of renewable energy do you think it
  would be impossible for us to use here in the UK?
  Explain your reasons carefully.
• Do you think we will end up using renewable forms
  of energy here in the UK in the future? Give
  reasons for your answer.

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So can we manage without it..?

• Our way of life has become increasingly
  dependent on electricity.  It seems that the
  electric meter on the side of the house is
  constantly spinning.  Electricity is a source of
  energy.  If you use electricity, you are probably
  using coal because coal generates most of our
  electricity -far more than any other energy
  source.  We have appliances and machines that
  change electrical energy into other forms of
  energy, and then they do work for us.
• But what would it be like if the power was
  turned off and there was no electricity?  Would
  our lifestyle be just like the lifestyles of
  about a hundred years ago?  Would you be able to
  survive?
• Task 12
• Write a paragraph explaining what would happen
  to life in your home if the electricity was
  turned off.  List what changes would have to be
  made - what couldnt you do!!  Then write a
  second list to say what you would do instead.

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And finally
Task 13 ask your teacher for the following
worksheet and complete it!
My Two Hours Without Electricity Worksheet
Just remember use energy thoughtfully..