ART ELEMENTS

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ART ELEMENTS and ART PRINCIPLES
Designed by Margie Holbrook Verity Middle
School
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Part I Art Elements
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??? Questions to Consider ???
Part I. What are the five major kinds of LINES
? What are the two basic categories of SHAPE
?FORM? How does SHAPE and FORM differ? What
are COLOR FAMILIES or GROUPS? What are the
three properties of COLOR? What are the two
kinds of TEXTURE? What is VALUE? How do artists
show SPACE in their artworks?
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Line
Line is a point set into motion.a dot moving
through space.
There are five basic kinds of lines.These
include Horizontal Vertical Diagonal
Zigzag Curved
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When used in an artwork LINES can relate
Feelings VERTICAL LINES show dignity
, strength , and formality HORIZONTAL LINES
feel calm, relaxed, and
comfortable. DIAGONAL LINES show
action and excitement! They can make us
feel tense and uncomfortable! ZIGZAG
LINES can suggest action,
nervous excitement, and confusion. CURVED
LINES express graceful,
flowing movement.
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Grant Wood
Salvador Dali
Georgia O'Keefe
Piet Mondrian
Viewing the above artworks, you can see how
artists incorporate Lines into their art !
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Shape
Shape is the area set off by one or more of
the art elements.
Shapes can be classified into two
classes Geometric shapes precise shapes such
as the circle , triangle , rectangle,
oval, and square.
Organic shapes these shapes are not regular
or evenand are Often found in nature.
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In Georgia OKeeffes and Piet Mondrians works
we can See the two basic kinds of shapes.
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Form
Form is an object with three dimensions. In
drawing, it is creating the illusion of
three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional
surface.
width
depth
Two-dimensional
Three-dimensional
length
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We can see in the following works how the artists
relate FORM
Michelangelo
Cassatt
Dali
vanGogh
Dali
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Color
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The Basic Color Wheel
Primary Colors
Secondary Colors
Intermediate Color
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Primary Colors

• Primary colors are the original colors. These
  cannot be made by mixing any other colors.
• They are the building block colors from which all
  other colors originate.
• The three primary colors are
• Red
• Yellow
• Blue

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Artists Use of Primary Color
Auguste Renoir
Edward Hopper
Piet Mondrian
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Secondary Colors
Secondary Colors are colors created by mixing
equal amounts primary of two colors. For
example Red Yellow Orange Yellow
Blue Green Blue Red Violet
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Artists Use of Secondary Color
Auguste Renoir
Vincent van Gogh
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Intermediate Colors
Intermediate colors (also known as tertiary
colors) are
colors created by mixing a primary color
with its neighboring secondary color. For
example Primary Red Secondary
Orange Red Orange / Orange Red
Primary Blue Secondary Violet Blue Violet /
Violet Blue Primary Yellow
Secondary Green Green Yellow / Yellow Green
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Intermediate Colors
Primary Color
Secondary Color
Intermediate
Color
Secondary Color
Intermediate Color
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Warm Colors
Warm Colors are in one of the two groups of which
colors are often divided. The three main warm
colors are Red Orange Yellow Warm colors
suggest energy, action, and
normally optically advance!
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Artists Use of Warm Colors
Cezanne
Rothko Munch
Van Gogh
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Cool Colors
Cool Colors are in one of the two groups of which
colors are often divided. The three main cool
colors are Blue Green Violet
Cool colors suggest calmness and peacefulness.
Optically, they tend to recede.
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Artists Use of Cool Colors
Georges Seurat
Henri Matisse
Mary Cassatt
Claude Monet
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh

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Analogous Colors
Analogous Colors are colors neighboring on the
color wheel having a common hue. Examples would
be
Red Red Violet Violet Red Violet Violet
Blue Blue Violet
Blue Blue Green Green Blue Green Green yellow
Yellow Green
Yellow Yellow Orange Orange Yellow Orange Orange
Red Red Orange
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Analogous Colors
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Color Shades
The SHADE of a color is changed by adding Black.

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Color Tints
Color Tints are changed by adding white. The
exception to this would be by watercolorists -who
add water!
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Texture
Texture is how something feels or looks like it
feels.We experience texture thru our senses of
sight and touch
There are three basic kinds of Textures. These
are Natural or actual Is what you experience
when you actually touch an object. Porcupines
would be sharp..feathers could be
soft. Artificial Man made like rope, yarn,
netting Simulated Man made to look like it
has a texture.
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In these works, we can see how the artist relates
Textures.
Claude Monet
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh
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Value
Value is the lightness or darkness of A hue. To
change the value of a color You add white (or
water in watercolors) to change its TINT and
Black to change its shade. Monochromatic means
the same thing..
Value
Value
Value
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Space
Space is the distance or area between,
around, below, and within things.
There are two basic kinds of Space positive
and negative. Positive space is the object
itself Negative space is the area in and
around the object.
negative
positive
negative
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Look at these images by Mary Cassatt and
distinguish between the positive space and the
negative space!
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Space Artists use various technique to
give the illusion of DEPTH in their works of art.
Some of these include
1. Overlapping 2. Size 3. Focus 4.
Placement 5. Intensity and Value 6. Linear
Perspective

Lets take a look at some of these..
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Space 1.OVERLAPPING is when the artist has
one shape in front of the other.
In this image by Mary Cassatt, the girl in the
foreground is overlapping the girl looking thru
the binoculars.
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SPACE SIZE is making distant
shapes smaller than closer ones.
Monets boats
in the background are smaller than the ones in
the foreground

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FOCUS Artists add more detail to objects in the
foreground, less detail to objects in the
background.
Vincent van Goghs Irises are more distinct
in the foreground than the background.
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Space.. PLACEMENT Artists also show
space by placing distant objects Higher up on
the picture (background) and closer ones lower
down on the picture ( middle ground and
foreground).
Background
Middle ground
Foreground
We also must take into consideration that WARM
colors ADVANCE While COOL colors RECEDE.
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SPACE..
In this image by John Constable, we can see that
objects farther away Appear higher than those
closer to us.
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Space. Intensity and Value Artists often
used colors lower in intensity and lighter in
value for objects in the distance.
In this artwork by Monet, we can see how the
color becomes less Intense and lighter in value.
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Space Linear Perspective
An artist uses slanted lines on buildings and
other objects so that they appear to come
together in the distance.
We can see in the following works how linear
perspective draws The viewer into the artwork.
Claude Monet
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh
Claude Monet
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Part II Art Principles
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Part II.
??? Questions to Consider ???
What are PRINCIPLES OF ART? What does using
EMPHASIS enable the artist to do? What is
PATTERN / REPETITION and what two ways do
artists use it in their artworks? What are the
three basic kinds of BALANCE? What is CONTRAST
and how do artists use this in their works of
art? What is RHYTHM and how is it similar to
Repetition? Why is PROPORTION in an artwork
important? How is MOVEMENT like a tour guide?
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The Principles of Art are basically rules or
guidelines that govern the way in which the Art
Elements go together. These include EMPHASIS
PATTERN BALANCE CONTRAST REPETITIO
N RHYTHM PROPORTION MOVEMENT Lets
take a look at these individually.
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Emphasis
EMPHASIS is used by an artist to make an element
or object stand out in a work of art. EMPHASIS
is used by the artist to control What part of the
artwork the viewer sees most or most
often. EMPHASIS is also used by the artist to
control how long a viewer spends looking at each
of the different parts.
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Emphasis To make an element or object in a
work of art stand Out..artists use emphasis.
Emphasis Emphasis of size
Van Gogh
Emphasis Emphasis of color
Salvador Dali
Emphasis of line
Grant Wood
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Pattern
Pattern / Repetition /Rhythm is the repeating of
shapes, lines, color, or other art elements in
planned or random order to create interest or
make the artwork more exciting.
Vincent van Gogh
Mary Cassatt
Andy Warhol
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Balance
BALANCE in an artwork, it the arrangement of
art elements so that no one part of a work
overpowers, or seems heavier than, any other part.
There are three basic types of balance.These
are Symmetrical or Formal Balance
Asymmetrical or Informal Balance Radial
Balance
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Symmetrical or Formal Balance is created when
one half of a work of art mirrors the other
half.. Symmetrical or Formal Balance is
predictable, thus, sometimes less
interesting.
Leonardo da Vinci
Georgia OKeeffe
Claude Monet
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Asymmetrical or Informal Balance is evident
when two unlike objects appear to have equal
weight. When used skillfully, it can create more
interesting compositions.
Vincent van Gogh
Mary Cassatt
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Radial Balance in an artwork occurs when the
elements or objects are positioned around a
central point.
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Contrast
CONTRAST in an artwork is created-when the
artist makes a difference in value,
color,texture,shape,line,form,or space.
Color Contrast by Monet
Texture Contrast by OKeeffe
Value Contrast by Durer
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Contrast
Form Contrast by Marat
Space Contrast by Monet
Line Contrast By Van Gogh
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Proportion
In art, PROPORTION is how parts of a work relate
to each other and to the whole.
Grant Wood
Mary Cassatt
Mary Cassatt
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Movement
MOVEMENT in a work of art directs the
viewer through the art piece often to the focal
area.It also encourages the viewer to sense
action within the work.
Van Gogh
Van Gogh
V
Van Gogh