La Brecha de Riqueza ha aumentado

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La Brecha de Riqueza ha aumentado
10 más POBRES quedan con 2.2 del ingreso
mundial

10 más RICOS acaparan 53.4 del ingreso mundial
Los 20 Países más RICOS (US30.000/cápita) tienen
ingresos 120 veces superiores a los 20 más POBRES
(US270/cápita)
En América Latina el 5 más rico de la población
aumentó su participación del 30 (1990) al 45
del ingreso total (2000)
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Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea Regional per capita income as a share of high-income OECD countries' average per capita incomea
(Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage) (Percentage)
Region Region 1980 1980 1980 1981-1985 1981-1985 1986-1990 1986-1990 1991-1995 1991-1995 1996-2000 1996-2000 2001 2001
Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.9
South Asia South Asia 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Middle East and North Africa Middle East and North Africa 9.7 9.7 9.0 7.3 7.1 6.8 6.7
Latin America and the Caribbean Latin America and the Caribbean 18.0 18.0 16.0 14.2 13.5 13.3 12.8
East Asia and the Pacific East Asia and the Pacific 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.3
High-income countries High-income countries 97.7 97.7 97.6 97.6 97.9 97.9 97.8
High-income non-OECD countries High-income non-OECD countries 45.3 45.3 45.3 48.2 56.1 60.2 59.2
High-income OECD countries High-income OECD countries 100.0 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0  
Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004. Source Alemayehu Geda, "Openness, inequality and poverty in Africa exploring the role of global interdependence", a paper presented at the workshop on regional studies of the International Forum for Social Development, held in New York on 17 and 18 June 2004.
a In constant United States dollars.
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Distribution of countries according to trends in Gini coefficients Distribution of countries according to trends in Gini coefficients Distribution of countries according to trends in Gini coefficients Distribution of countries according to trends in Gini coefficients Distribution of countries according to trends in Gini coefficients Distribution of countries according to trends in Gini coefficients
for income distribution between the 1950s and the 1990s for income distribution between the 1950s and the 1990s for income distribution between the 1950s and the 1990s for income distribution between the 1950s and the 1990s for income distribution between the 1950s and the 1990s for income distribution between the 1950s and the 1990s
(Sample of 73 developed, developing and transitional countries) (Sample of 73 developed, developing and transitional countries) (Sample of 73 developed, developing and transitional countries) (Sample of 73 developed, developing and transitional countries) (Sample of 73 developed, developing and transitional countries) (Sample of 73 developed, developing and transitional countries)
Trends in gini coefficients No. of countries of World Population  of World Population  of World GDP - PPP a of World GDP - PPP a
Rising 48 47 47 71 71
Continuously rising/rising-stable 19 3 3 5 5
U-shaped 29 44 44 66 66
Falling 9 4 4 8 8
Continuously falling 6 3 3 7 7
Inverted U-shape 3 1 1 1 1
No trend 16 29 29 12 12
Not included in sample - 20 20 9 9
Total 73 100 100 100 100
Source G.A. Cornia, T. Addison and S. Kiiski, "Income distribution changes and their impact in the post-Second World War period", in Inequality, Growth and Poverty in the Era of Liberalization and Globalization, A.G. Cornia, ed. (Oxford, Oxford University Press/ United Nations University, World Institute for Economics Research, 2004). a Gross Domestic Product -Purchasing Ppower Parity. Source G.A. Cornia, T. Addison and S. Kiiski, "Income distribution changes and their impact in the post-Second World War period", in Inequality, Growth and Poverty in the Era of Liberalization and Globalization, A.G. Cornia, ed. (Oxford, Oxford University Press/ United Nations University, World Institute for Economics Research, 2004). a Gross Domestic Product -Purchasing Ppower Parity. Source G.A. Cornia, T. Addison and S. Kiiski, "Income distribution changes and their impact in the post-Second World War period", in Inequality, Growth and Poverty in the Era of Liberalization and Globalization, A.G. Cornia, ed. (Oxford, Oxford University Press/ United Nations University, World Institute for Economics Research, 2004). a Gross Domestic Product -Purchasing Ppower Parity. Source G.A. Cornia, T. Addison and S. Kiiski, "Income distribution changes and their impact in the post-Second World War period", in Inequality, Growth and Poverty in the Era of Liberalization and Globalization, A.G. Cornia, ed. (Oxford, Oxford University Press/ United Nations University, World Institute for Economics Research, 2004). a Gross Domestic Product -Purchasing Ppower Parity. Source G.A. Cornia, T. Addison and S. Kiiski, "Income distribution changes and their impact in the post-Second World War period", in Inequality, Growth and Poverty in the Era of Liberalization and Globalization, A.G. Cornia, ed. (Oxford, Oxford University Press/ United Nations University, World Institute for Economics Research, 2004). a Gross Domestic Product -Purchasing Ppower Parity. Source G.A. Cornia, T. Addison and S. Kiiski, "Income distribution changes and their impact in the post-Second World War period", in Inequality, Growth and Poverty in the Era of Liberalization and Globalization, A.G. Cornia, ed. (Oxford, Oxford University Press/ United Nations University, World Institute for Economics Research, 2004). a Gross Domestic Product -Purchasing Ppower Parity.
a Gross Domestic Product -Purchasing Ppower Parity. a Gross Domestic Product -Purchasing Ppower Parity. a Gross Domestic Product -Purchasing Ppower Parity.
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POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India)
Poverty rate (percentage living on less than US 1 per day) Poverty rate (percentage living on less than US 1 per day) Poverty rate (percentage living on less than US 1 per day) Poverty rate (percentage living on less than US 1 per day) Poverty rate (percentage living on less than US 1 per day)
Region/country 1981 1981 1990 1990 2001 2001 2001
World 40 (1.482) 28 (1.218) 21 (1.089) 21 (1.089)
East Asia and the Pacific 58 30 15 15
Europe and Central Asia 1 1 4 4
Latin America and the Caribbean 10 11 10 10
Middle East and North Africa 5 2 2 2
South Asia 52 41 31 31
Sub-Saharan Africa 42 45 47 47
China 64 33 17 17
India 54   42   35 35  
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POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India) POVERTY RATES (Major Regions, China and India)
Poverty rate (percentage living on less than US 2 per day) Poverty rate (percentage living on less than US 2 per day) Poverty rate (percentage living on less than US 2 per day) Poverty rate (percentage living on less than US 2 per day) Poverty rate (percentage living on less than US 2 per day)
Region/country 1981 1981 1990 1990 2001 2001 2001
World 67 (2.450) 61 (2.654) 53 (2.735) 53 (2.735)
East Asia and the Pacific 85 70 47 47
Europe and Central Asia 5 5 20 20
Latin America and the Caribbean 27 28 25 25
Middle East and North Africa 29 21 23 23
South Asia 89 86 77 77
Sub-Saharan Africa 73 75 77 77
China 88 73 47 47
India 90   86   80 80  
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CESANTÍA

• Sigue siendo la principal causa de la desigualdad
  y de la pobreza
• Entre 1993 and 2003
• Cesantía aumentó 31 (de 140 a 186 millones)
• Tasas bajaron ligeramente en los países
  desarrollados, mientras creció en los demás
• En América Latina America aumentó un 62
• 49.7 trabajadores reciben menos de 2/día
• 23.3 trabajadores reciben menos de 1/día

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Percentage of Global Private Consumption
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Hambre, Desnutrición y Sobrepeso

• Producción alimentos se ha triplicado y precio de
  los cereales bajó 75 emergencias alimentarias
  se han duplicado (15 en 1980 a 30/ en 2000)
• Desnutrición afecta 852 millones (95 (815) en
  países pobres)
• OMS provoca 3.7 millones de muertes infantiles
  al año
• Más de 1 mil millones de sobrepeso, 300 millones
  obesos (2/3 en países póbres). EUA -2 años de
  expectativa de vida. En 2004 mató más que el
  tabaco

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Persiste la Esclavitud y el Tráfico de Personas

• Entre 12 y 27 millones atrapados en condiciones
  de esclavitud o de trabajo forzado
• Entre 600,000 y 800,000 personas (80 mujeres y
  niñas) traficadas internacionalmente, generando
  10 mil millones al año
• 1.7 millones de niñas traficadas al año adentro y
  entre países, la mayoría trabajo doméstico o
  prostitución
• 300,000 soldados infantiles

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Recursos para el Desarrollo Social
. Gasto en armas 1 bi/año . Gasto en
cosméticos en EUA, 35 mil millones . AOD 78.4
mil millones/año . ODM, 150 mil millones
más . Subsidios agrícolas 6 x gt AOD . 1.5 x
más defensa que social versus 30 x más
social . Remesas 130mil millones en2002 (más
que AOD y IED) . 10 más remesas menos 1.6
pobreza
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Acuerdos de Libre comercio Benefician Países
Desarrollados

• Proliferación de TLC aumentan desigualdades
• Tasas discriminan Países en desarrollo
• Tasa de textiles de Países en desarrollo llegan a
  9
• Tasas de productos agrícolas llegan 20
• Importaciones de Países Desarrollados son 8.5
  (AL)
• Exportaciones de América Latina son tasadas 20
• Importaciones entre Países Desarrollados son de
  1
• Sólo América Latina pierde 40mil millones al año
• Acuerdo Global aumentaría el Ingreso en 263 mil
  millones (109 mil para pobres), mientras los
  TLC, 112 mil millones (-20 para pobres)

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Bilateral Trade Agreements Benefit Wealthiest
Countries Most
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A VECES ME PREGUNTO SI EL MUNDO ESTÁ SIENDO
GOBERNADO POR PERSONAS INTELIGENTES QUE NOS HACEN
DE IDIOTAS, O POR IMBÉCILES QUE HABLAN EN SERIO Y
CREEN EN LO QUE DICEN
Mark Twain
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Elementos Esenciales para Reducir la Pobreza y
las Desigualdades

• Disminuir las asimetrías de la globalizazión
• Flujos de Capitales, Tasas de Cambio, Migración
• Regimen internacional para Bienes Públicos
  Globales (ISO Trabajo)
• Aumentar el acceso a Activos y a Servicios
  Sociales (Educación, Salud, Protección Social)
• Mejorar relación sectores formal e informal
• Disminuir costos de transación
• Aumentar empleo de calidad
• Expandir oportunidades para la participación
• Garantizar derecho de minorías

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LA ETICA DE LA SUSTENTABILIDAD
Existen personas que su único deseo es tener un
auto importado. Para mí, me sirve un Voslkswagen
Escarabajo, pues satisface mi necesidad de
moverme de un lado a otro.
Quiero, por tanto, tener el PODER de comprar un
auto importado, tan solo para tener el PLACER de
no comprarlo

• --Rui Lopes Viana Filho, 16 años,
• Medalla de Oro, Olimpiada Internacional de
  Matemática

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