Columbia

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• Columbias Vision for Tomorrows Global
  Intelligent Systems
• Henning Schulzrinne, Chair
• Department of Computer Science
• October 13, 2005

Bill Gates/CS Faculty Roundtable
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Computer Science Research Highlights

• Comprehensive research, with areas of focus
• Leading research in
• Natural language processing
• Mobile and wireless computing
• Designing digital systems
• Network security
• Growing Research Impact

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Faculty 35 (32 tenure track, 3 lecturers) 3
joint




Carloni
Feiner
Edwards
Aho
Allen
Belhumeur
Cannon
Galil
Bellovin
Gravano
Gross
Grunschlag
Kender
Kaiser
Keromytis
Hirschberg
Jebara
Grinspun
McKeown
Nayar
Ramamoorthi
Ross
Nowick
Nieh
Malkin
Rubenstein
Misra
Yannakakis
Servedio
Schulzrinne
Stolfo
Shortliffe
Unger
Stein
Wozniakowski
Traub
Yemini
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Columbia Computer Science Research
UI, NLP, collab work
graphics, robotics, vision
networks, security, OS, software eng
quantum computing, crypto, learning, algorithms
databases, data mining, machine learning
CAD, async circuits, embedded systems
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Interacting with Humans Newsblaster

• Automatic summarization of articles on the same
  event
• Generation of summary sentences
• Tracking events across days
• Foreign news ? English summaries

Faculty Kathy McKeown
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Interacting with Humans Newsblaster

• Research Findings
• Quality of facts gathered significantly better
• With Newsblaster than with no summaries
• User satisfaction higher
• With Newsblaster sentence summaries than Google
  style 1-sentence summaries
• Summaries contributed important facts
• With Newsblaster than Google summaries
• Full multi-document summarization more powerful
  than
• documents alone or single sentence
  summarization

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Interacting with Humans Detecting Deceptive
Speech

• Problem
• Can we detect deception from spoken language cues
  only?
• Method
• Collect corpus of deceptive/non-deceptive speech
• Extract acoustic, prosodic and lexical features
  automatically
• E.g., disfluencies, response latency, high pitch
  range, lower intensity, laughter, personal
  pronouns
• Run Machine Learning experiments to create
  automatic prediction models and test on held-out
  data
• Results
• Baselines
• Best general human performance in literature
  ranges from criminals (65 accuracy) down to
  parole officers (40)
• Majority class, our data (predict truth) 61
• Mean human performance, our data 60
• Our (automatic) results 69

Faculty Julia Hirschberg
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Interacting with Humans Learning to Match Authors
Entity Resolution of Anonymized Publications 7
Teams UMass, Maryland, Fair-Isaac, Illinois,
Rutgers, CMU, Columbia
Key 1 - Permutational Text Kernels 2 -
Permutational Clustering 3 - SVM
Source 2005 KDD Challenge
Faculty Tony Jebara
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Systems Distributed Channel Allocation in Mobile
Mesh Networks

• Multi-radio mesh node
• Channel scarcity ? need automated channel
  allocation in 802.11 mesh networks
• Allocates radios by self-stabilizing algorithm
  based on graph coloring

• Results
• First self-organizing mechanism implementation
• Network self-organizes in seconds
• Network throughput improvement of 20-100 cf.
  static channel allocation

Collaborators Victor Bahl and Jitendra Padhye _at_
MSR
Faculty Misra/Rubenstein
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Systems Evolution of VoIP
how can I make it stop ringing?
does it do call transfer?
long-distance calling, ca. 1930
going beyond the black phone
amazing the phone rings
catching up with the digital PBX
1996-2000
2000-2003
2004-
Faculty Henning Schulzrinne
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Systems Creating new services for VoIP

• Old telecom model
• Programmers create mass-market applications
• new service each decade
• Our (web) model
• Users and administrators create universe of
  tailored applications
• Incorporate human context
• location, mood, actions,
• FrontPage for service creation
• Based on presence, location, privacy preferences
• Learn based on user actions

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Systems Self-healing Software

• Problem zero-day attacks
• Approach Enable systems to react and self-heal
  in response to unanticipated attacks and
  failures, via
• Coordinated access control in large-scale systems
• Block-level system reconfiguration
• Self-healing software systems
• Application communities enable large numbers of
  identical applications to collaboratively monitor
  their health and share alerts
• Prototypes worms, software survivability

Faculty Angelos Keromytis, Sal Stolfo
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Systems Developing Profiles of Attackers
Surveillance detected at site B
Surveillance detected at site A
Site B
Site A
Common sources of scans for all three sites
Site C
Surveillance detected at site C
Profile and signature generation for defense

• Worms use hit lists to reduce spread time
• Gathered in stealth
• ?Collaborative and distributed intrusion
  detection
• Leverage header and payload anomaly

Faculty Sal Stolfo
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Theory Leveraging Cryptography

• Traditional cryptography ? provable security of
  protocols, but assumes a clean, controlled model
• Key exposure causes more security breaches than
  cryptanalysis
• smartcards, PDAs can easily leak keys
• ? Expand theoretical foundations to capture
  provable security against strong, realistic
  attackers, including
• Key exposure
• Key tampering
• Security against side channel attacks (power,
  timing analysis)
• Security in an Internet-like setting
• when attacker can coordinate across several
  protocols

Faculty Tal Malkin
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Columbias Growing Computer Science Research
Impact
government
Industrial
research gifts

• Technology impact through
• start-ups
• security, network management, thin clients,
  VoIP,
• standardization
• VoIP, security,
• education

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Conclusion

• Broad-based research motivated by real problems
• Breaking new ground in several key areas, e.g.
• Natural language processing
• New network services and models
• Network security
• Graphics vision
• Columbia has a growing impact on computer science
  as demonstrated in successfully bringing new
  technology to the field