Chapter 9, Naming Chemicals Underlined are WOD

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Chapter 9, Naming ChemicalsUnderlined are WOD
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The first big use of chemical weapons was during
WW1, when chlorine gas was used in 1915. Chlorine
killed or maimed its victims by burning the
lungs it also caused panic among soldiers who
were totally unprepared for gas war.
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Oddly, although the chemical poisons killed tens
of thousands of soldiers, they were of little
military consequence because they often drifted
back toward the perpetrators. Nonetheless, they
caused enough international revulsion to spark
the Geneva Protocol of 1925 which banned the use
of chemical weapons.
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What two things do you NEVER mix when cleaning?
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1. Bleach2. AmmoniaWhy?They release
Chlorine Gas!
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Chlorine is an effective and cheap disinfectant.
It has been used in US water treatment for about
hundred years to kill bacteria, like those of
typhoid and cholera.
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REVIEW Can you identify these on the following
periodic table?

• Groups
• Periods
• Metals
• Nonmetals
• Alkali metals
• Common ionic charges

• Halogens
• Noble gases
• Chemical symbols
• Names of the first 20 elements
• Electron dot structures
• Electronegativity values

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Electronegativity
Least Reactive Element, Smallest Radius
Most Reactive Element Biggest Radius
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Show periodic table b rainpop.
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Chemical Formulas

• Shows the kinds and numbers of atoms
• Molecular formula molecules (CO, CO2)
• Formula unit ionic compounds (NaCl)

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Can a chemical compound be bad?
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Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide!

• Dihydrogen monoxide is colorless, odorless,
  tasteless, and kills uncounted thousands of
  people every year. Most of these deaths are
  caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO, but the
  dangers of dihydrogen monoxide do not end there.
  Prolonged exposure to its solid form causes
  severe tissue damage. Symptoms of DHMO ingestion
  can include excessive sweating and urination, and
  possibly a bloated feeling, nausea, vomiting and
  body electrolyte imbalance. For those who have
  become dependent, DHMO withdrawal means certain
  death. Highly addictive, anyone who has ever
  tasted it had to have it or they died.

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Show water brainpop.
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Start Notes 9.1.
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Chemical Formulas

• Shows the kinds and numbers of atoms
• Molecular formula molecules (CO, CO2)
• Formula unit ionic compounds (NaCl)

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Review Change anion names to end with ide.
Chlorine gt Chloride ion.
  IONIC CHARGES OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS   IONIC CHARGES OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS   IONIC CHARGES OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS   IONIC CHARGES OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS   IONIC CHARGES OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS   IONIC CHARGES OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS   IONIC CHARGES OF REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
1A 1 1 2A 2 2 3A 13 3 4A 14 5A 15 -3 6A 16 -2 7A 17 -1
Li Na K Rb Cs Be Mg Ca Sr Ba     Al N P As O S Se F Cl Br I
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Previous Slide was Representative or A
elements.Group B can have different rules than
group A elements for naming and making IONS.
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Start Notes 9.1Varying charges roman numeral
number of positive charges on the ionThese are
the ones you need to know!

• Copper I and Copper II Cu1 Cu2
• Iron II , III Fe2 Fe3
• Tin II , IV Sn2 Sn4

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Common names

• Water is a very common chemical compound. The
  problem is that the name water tells you
  nothing about the structure of a water molecule.
  Scientists needed a better way to communicate
  with each other.

Show Ch 9 naming video from Pearson Website.
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Ionic compounds metal and non-metal ions that
attract like magnets and form crystals.

• Show model of crystal made from refridgerator
  magnets.

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Ionic Compound Names, How to 1. Put the
cation or metal 1st.2.List the Non-metal 2nd.3.
Use the charge on the non-metal to name the
metals Roman Numeral.

• To the second element, drop the suffix and add
  ide (Only use ide for anions and all
  binary compounds, ionic or covalent (molecules).)
• Chlorine Chloride
• Magnesium chloride

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Ionic Compound Names1. Cation (metal) 1st.2.
Anion (Non-metal) 2nd.3. Add Roman Numeral to B
Metal.(Add Rom when metal is in the B group.)

• CuCl (chloride -1)
• CuCl2 (2X chloride -1)

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How do you find the charge on the metal?

• CuCl Copper I chloride
• (chloride -1)
• CuCl2
• (2X chloride -1)

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How do you find the charge on the metal?

• CuCl Copper I chloride
• (chloride -1)
• CuCl2 Copper II chloride
• (2X chloride -1)

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Examples of B metals names and possible
chargesLook at page 266Remember Ionic
compounds are always a metal and a non-metal that
are acting like magnets and form crystals.
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Polyatomic ions

• Are tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as
  a single ion and carry a charge. They act like a
  single atom in an ionic bond. They can act like
  the Copper or Chlorine in the previous slide but
  MOST ACT LIKE THE NON METAL. They have fooled
  themselves and the world into thinking they are a
  single element. They walk like duck, talk like
  duck, act like duct, sound like a duck, look a
  duck, but are not a duck.
• Polyatomic ions form ionic bonds

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Polyatomic Ions

• groups of atoms that behave as a single ion (in
  an ionic bond).
• See examples on page 268. Table 9.3.
• Acetate is the same thing as Ethanonate.
• You need to memorize all of them in the Table for
  the quiz this week their names, charges, and
  formulas.
• Draw out SO4 from the next slide and show it
  bonding and then adding 2 electrons. See next
  slide for answer. Remember Octet Rule

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Polyatomic ions

• Are tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as
  a unit and carry a charge
• Polyatomic ions form ionic bonds

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These are the polyatomic ions you will need to
know p.268

• C2H3O2- acetate NH4 Ammonium
• NO2- nitrite CO32- carbonate
• NO3- nitrate
• CN- cyanide
• OH- hydroxide
• HSO3- hydrogen sulfite
• HSO4- hydrogen sulfate
• SO32- sulfite
• SO42- sulfate

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Binary compounds are composed of any combination
of two elements.(can be ionic or covalent.)

• These are all binary compounds
• NaCl, MgO, MgCl2
• CH4
• CF4
• C2H2
• NOTE Not 2 atoms,
• But 2 types of elements.

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How do you know type of bond?

• Ionic is Metal and NonMetal Crystals.
• Covalent is 2 non-metals Molecules.
• The rules for naming these 2 are different.

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Naming binary ionic compounds (metal/nonmetal)(ca
tion first)

• MgCl2
• Leave the first atoms name alone
• Magnesium
• To the second element, drop the suffix and add
  ide (Only use ide for anions and all
  binary compounds, ionic or covalent (molecules).)
• Chlorine Chloride
• Magnesium chloride

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Try these

• NaCl
• Na2S
• Al2O3

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Try these

• NaCl sodium chloride
• Na2S sodium sulfide
• Al2O3 aluminum oxide

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Write the formula

• Aluminum sulfide
• Calcium oxide
• Sodium nitride

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Write the formula

• Aluminum sulfide
• Al2S3
• Calcium oxide
• CaO
• Sodium nitride
• Na3N

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With IONIC bonds only.Use smallest atom ratio
for formula.

• Mg2O2 becomes
• MgO Magnesium oxide because it is an ionic
  bond.
• BUT H2O2 stays H2O2 because it is a molecule.

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The total charge of a compound will always equal
ZERO!

• MgO Magnesium oxide
• Mg3N2 Magnesium nitride
• MgCl2 Magnesium chloride

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Ternary ionic compounds (polyatomic ion)

• Contain atoms of three different elements or more
• Dont change either name just put them together.
  DO NOT USE ide.
• Na C2H3O2-
• NaC2H3O2
• Sodium acetate

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Try these

• NaNO3
• NaNO2
• Ca(C2H3O2)2

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Try these

• NaNO3
• Sodium nitrate
• NaNO2
• Sodium nitrite
• Ca(C2H3O2)2
• Calcium acetate

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Write formula

• Calcium sulfate
• Ammonium sulfate
• Copper II cyanide

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Write formula

• Calcium sulfate
• CaSO4
• Ammonium sulfate
• (NH4) 2SO4
• Copper II cyanide
• CuII(CN) 2

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Review How do you know type of bond?

• Ionic is ___ and ___
• Covalent is ___ ___
• The rules for naming these 2 are different.

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Review How do you know type of bond?

• Ionic is Metal and NonMetal (crystal)
• Covalent is 2 non-metals (often gas or liquid)
• The rules for naming these 2 are different.

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Review -ide-ide 1.) Change the end of
anions to end their name with ide (all negative
mono ions).Fluorine becomes Fluoride ion.Iodine
becomes Iodide ion.2.) For all binary compounds
(binary only) ionic and covalent, change the
second element to end in -ide.
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ide ending 1.) monatomic anions2.) binary
compounds
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naming binary molecular compounds
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You will use Greek Prefixes to name binary
molecular compounds Remember that molecules do
not contain metals.
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Memorize theseGreek Prefixes See pg 281
Prefix Number
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
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NAMING BINARY COVALENT COMPOUNDS1st Element
1.) Add a number prefix to the first element, in
a molecule, if there is more than one. Do not
put MONO in front of the first element if only
one.2nd Element 2.)Always add a prefix to the
second element in a compound 3.) and change the
suffix to ide.
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• H2O
• There are 2 H atoms
• dihydrogen
• The O has 1 atom
• monoxide
• dihydrogen monoxide

H 1p
H 1p
O 8p
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SO4

• there is only one S
• Do not start with Mono.
• sulfur
• there are 4 oxygen atoms listed 2nd
• -Put together tetra oxygen ide
• -tetraoxide (optional, some people drop the a
  to spell as tetroxide.)
• sulfur tetraoxide

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Name these

• C2S6
• PCl3
• NO

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Name these

• C2S6
• Dicarbon hexasulfide
• PCl3
• phosphorus trichloride
• NO
• Nitrogen Monoxide

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Write the formula

• Dinitrogen trioxide
• Chlorine monofluoride
• Carbon tetrachloride

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Write the formula

• Dinitrogen trioxide
• N2O3
• Chlorine monofluoride
• ClF
• Carbon tetrachloride
• CCl4

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Naming common acids(ACID the molecule starts
with H)
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What is an acid?Acid Proton donor. Produces
an positive or H ion.Base Proton acceptor or
produces a negative or OH- ion.Water Is it an
acid or base? Vote.
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Water Is it an acid or base?Answer Both. It
produces anH and OH- H20 gt H OH- So
some scientist argue it should be named HOH
instead of H20.
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Naming common acids(ACID the molecule starts
with H) Look at the suffix on the anion.-ide
hydro-x-ic acid-ite x-ous acid-ate x-ic
acidexampleH2SO4 Sulfuric Acid
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• HCl
• H2CO3
• HCN

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• HCl Chloride Ion
• -ide hydro-x-ic acid
• Hydrochloric acid
• H2CO3 Carbonate becomes
• -ate x-ic acid
• Carbonic acid
• HCN Cyanide
• -ide hydro-x-ic acid
• Hydrocyanic acid

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• sulfurous acid
• acetic acid

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• sulfurous acid
• -ite x-ous acid
• HSO3
• acetic acid
• -ate x-ic acid
• HC2H3O2

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