NETE4631 Cloud-enabling technologies and standards

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NETE4631Cloud-enabling technologies and
standards

• Lecture Notes 3

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Recap Definition if Cloud Computing

• Cloud computing is a model for enabling
  convenient, on-demand network access to a shared
  pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
  networks, servers, storage, applications, and
  services) that can be rapidly provisioned and
  released with minimal management effort or
  service provider interaction. (A definition by
  the US National institute of standards and
  technology (NIST))
• Some of the characteristics
• Distributed computing at a massive scale
• On demand elasticity
• Exploiting existing technologies (Grid, Utility,
  Virtualization)
• Pay per use model
• Driven by economies of scale

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Recap (2) - Cloud Types
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Recap (3) - Benefits VS Challenges
Benefits Challenges
On-demand self-service Broad network access Resource pooling Rapid elasticity Measured service Lower costs Ease of utilization Quality of Service Reliability Outsourced IT management Simplified maintenance and upgrade Low barrier to entry Security Interoperability Reliability Laws and regulations Organizational changes Cost
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Enabling Technologies for Cloud
Users
Cloud Data Center Dallas
WAN
Enterprise Data Center Newark

• Key attributes
• Long distance VM
• Elastic bandwidth

vCenter Server
Cloud Data Center Miami
Modified from Building the cloud Virtualized
Optical WAN
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Lecture Outline

• Enabling technologies for cloud
• Enabling technologies HW
• Enabling technologies SW
• Enabling technologies Network
• Enabling technologies Data
• Enabling technologies People

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Enabling Technologies HW

• Supercomputers.
• running exceptionally scientific applications.
• Clusters (of servers for cloud)
• independent computers works cooperatively
• a single administrative domain
• usually residing in a single room
• Servers for cloud
• Workstations
• Personal Computers

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Enabling Technologies SW

• Grid Computing
• Utility Computing
• Virtualization
• Abstraction and Virtualization
• Load balancing
• Hypervisor and its types

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Which technologies make up Cloud?
Virtualization Technology
Utility Computing

Grid Computing
Cloud
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Grid Computing

• Grid computing combines computers from multiple
  administrative domains to reach a common goal, to
  solve a single task. (Wikipedia)
• One of the main strategies of grid computing is
  to use middleware to divide and apportion pieces
  of a program among several computers, sometimes
  up to many thousands.
• Grid computing involves computation in a
  distributed fashion, which may also involve the
  aggregation of large-scale cluster
  computing-based systems.

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The process flow of grid computing application

• From Cloud Application Architectures, Reese, G.

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Utility Computing

• Utility computing is the packaging of computing
  resources, such as computation, storage and
  services, as a metered service. This model has
  the advantage of a low or no initial cost to
  acquire computer resources instead,
  computational resources are essentially rented.
  (Wikipedia)

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Virtualization Technology

• Virtualization is the creation of a virtual
  (rather than actual) version of something, such
  as a hardware platform, operating system (OS),
  storage device, or network resources. (Wikipedia)

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Virtualization type

• Platform virtualization
• Virtual memory
• Storage virtualization
• Network virtualization
• Memory virtualization
• Application virtualization
• Desktop virtualization
• Data Center Virtualization

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Virtualization
Platform virtualization
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Virtualization

• Virtualization supports Abstraction
• Abstraction is the key concept in providing the
  promised benefits of cloud computing
• Mapping a logical address (id) to a set of
  physical resources
• Virtual servers
• Virtual storage
• Virtual networks
• Load balancing
• Hypervisor
• Porting applications between vendors

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Virtualization (2)

• Virtualization is a key enabler of abstraction
  and cloud computing logical address for
  extendable and scalable physical resources
• Types of virtualization
• Virtualization support for cloud computing
  attributes
• Service-based
• Scalable and elastic
• Shared services
• Metered usage
• Internet delivery

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Load Balancing

• Virtualized network access to a service through
  load balancing technology Hardware or software
  based technology
• Resources to be load balanced
• Network interfaces and services such as DNS, FTP,
  HTTP
• Connections through intelligent switches
• Processing through computer system assignment
• Storage resources
• Access to application instances

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Load Balancing (2)

• A load balancer listens to service request and
  uses a scheduling algorithm to assign the request
• Keeps the record of a requests session to
  support a failover for the request

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Hypervisor

• A low level program that provides system
  resources access to virtual machines
• Hypervisor is also called Virtual Machine Monitor
  (VMM)
• One level higher than the supervisory program for
  a hardware and/or hardware OS
• Presents a virtual platform to a guest OS and
  manages its functioning
• Two types of Hypervisor
• Type 1 or full virtualization (Oracle VM, Vmware
  ESX)
• Type 2 or paravirtualization (Xen)

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Types of Hypervisors

• Types of Hypervsiors Reproduced Figure 5.1 from
  Sosinsky, B., Cloud Computing Bible, 2011.

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Enabling Technologies - Network

• Network types
• Network according to size
• WAN/MAN/LAN/PAN
• Network Topologies.
• Network .
• Internet, intranet, extranet

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WAN (Wide Area Network)
Modified from CCNA 4 version 3.0 Rick Graziani,
Cabrillo College
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WWW or Web
HTTP Request
HTTP Response
Internet
www.it.mut.ac.th
HTTP Response
HTTP Request

• Client-Server model
• Web browser Web server
• HTTP protocol
• Receiving and sending HTML

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Communication Web Browser

• Service is accessible through the web browser or
  web service API
• Web Browser
• Communication protocol
• HTTP 1.0 and 1.1 (W3C)
• Provide 8 different ways of request (HEAD, GET,
  POST)
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Tags for separating content and HTML code
• Cascading Style Sheets for controlling the
  presentation
• Dynamic HTML
• Provides more control over HTML elements on
  client side
• Document Object Model (DOM)
• Scripts (e.g., JavaScript and ActiveX)
• Changing the tags and properties
• Real-time positioning
• Dynamic fonts (Netscape feature only)
• Data binding (IE feature only)

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Communication Web Service

• A web service is a software system designed to
  support interoperable machine-to-machine
  interaction over a network W3C
• Data
• JSON JavaScript Object Notation computer data
  interchange format transmitted after
  serialization alternative to XML
• JSON Basics Based on subset of JavaScript
  language independent
• JSON should be used instead of XML when
  JavaScript is used less CPU overhead and less
  coding as no need to use DOM for data extraction
  because an object is already an object in JSON

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XML Extensible Markup Language

• Provides a standardized way to represent text and
  data for platform independence
• HTML and XML
• XML is extensible by end users while W3C defines
  HTML

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XML Extensible Markup Language (2)

• Key features
• Self-descriptive data no type or relation
  definition
• Database integration multiple types of data
• No programmatic modification XSL Style sheet can
  handle
• Open Server view of data only one view of data,
  even located at different places
• Open and extensible
• Contains machine-readable context information
• Content vs. presentation

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REST Web Services

• Representational state transfer (REST)
• An architectural style based on Internet-based
  technologies like HTTP and XML
• Easier to use compared with SOAP which has much
  richer functionality
• Resources are sources of specific information and
  each of them is referred by a global identifier,
  URI

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REST Web Services (2)

• Potential benefits
• Better response time and reduced server load
  -caching
• No need to maintain session state
• Only browser is enough at the client side
• No separate resource discover, hyperlinks are
  sufficient
• Better long term compatibility and evolvability

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SOAP

• Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
• Support communication between two different
  systems
• Procedure calls
• Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) wouldnt go through
  firewall with HTTP
• SOAP solves this problem by describing how to
  encode an HTTP header and an XML file so a
  program can call an other program, both running
  on different computers, in a way that program
  calls can get through firewalls

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Enabling Technologies - Data

• Networks such as network bandwidth, servers such
  as CPU, storage such as DB server NAS HD,
  applications, services.

From Cloud Application Architectures, Reese, G.
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Enabling Technologies - People

• Cloud providers
• Service providers
• End-users
• Cloud adopters
• Cloud resellers
• Other clouds

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References

• Course book Chapter 3, 5
• Belle, J-P. V., et al., 2003, Discovering
  Information Systems.
• Kahanwal1, B., Singh, T.P., The Distributed
  Computing Paradigms P2P, Grid, Cluster, Cloud,
  and Junggle, International Journal of Latest
  Research in Science and Technology 2012,
  page183-187.

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Project assignment (20)

• Select one of the network information systems
  (NISs) or cloud-based applications and present it
  in the class (between class12 class15)
• Relevance to NIS or Cloud and the process of
  transformation data to information (5)
• Content (topics studied in the class such as
  enabling technologies, architecture, management,
  security, demoetc.) (7)
• On-time (in the day of presentation) (3)
• Presentation and slides (5)

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Thanks you

• Question?
• Conclusion of the Workshop of class2