Format

1
Format

• Time 115 min (1040 am - 1235 pm), no
  extension.
• 2 parts in this exam.
• Part I 11 questions weighing 57 of the total
  score, is a close-book, close-note exam. It is
  to test your conceptual understanding of the
  subjects covered in the course.
• Part II 4 questions accounting for 43 of the
  total score, is an open-book, open-note exam. It
  is to test your engineering capability of problem
  solving.
• You get Part I in the beginning of the exam.
  Once you have turned in your answer sheets for
  Part I, you can pick up Part II from the TA. You
  are NOT allowed to retrieve your answer sheets
  once you have turned them in. You decide how
  much time you want to allocate for each part.

2
Review Midterm I

• Introduction
• Global vs. Regional vs. Local, NAAQS, Definition
  of Primary/Secondary Standards/Pollutants,
  Effects of Regulations on national emission
  trends
• Basic Laws
• Ideal gas law, unit conversion, vapor pressure
  partial pressure, humidity psychrometric chart,
  viscosity, type of aerosol size distribution,
  settling velocity and diffusivity
• The Atmosphere
• Major composition, role of water, Solar energy
  spectrum vs. Earths thermal emission spectrum,
  Albedo, Atmospheric window, major atmospheric
  zones
• Gaseous Pollutants
• Major sources and sinks of pollutant, Ozone
  formation mechanisms/key parameters (NOx, VOC,
  sunlight, meteorology)/pattern (daily, weekly,
  seasonal), role of OH in removing various
  pollutants

3
Review Midterm I

• Particulate Pollutants
• Natural vs. anthropogenic, sources and
  composition for each type, modes, dynamic
  processes, definition of PM2.5/PM10/TSP,
  Beer-Lambert Law, extinction coefficient/efficienc
  y, visual range
• Health Effects
• Respiratory system (regions), respiratory
  deposition mechanisms/deposition fraction, TSP
  vs. PM10 vs. PM2.5, sources of CO poisoning, Air
  Quality Index, Types of bioaerosols,
• Welfare Effects
• Good O3 vs. bad O3, O3s impact on
  plants/materials, acid deposition, reason for
  sensitivity to acid deposition, PMs effects on
  visibility and weather, bioaccumulation (Hg,
  dioxin), impact on economy, impact of
  bioaerosols, case study San Joaquin Valley

4
Review Midterm I

• Atmospheric Effects
• Smog/Haze type of smog/haze, strategy to reduce
  ozone, reasons for haze in different regions
• Heat Island definition, daily/weekly/yearly
  variation,
• Effects of condensation nuclei on precipitation
• Mercury various forms, major sources (in
  different regions)
• Stratospheric O3 species causing destruction,
  mechanism of CFCs, role of PSC in Antarctic O3
  destruction, Ozone depletion potential
• Global Warming CO2 vs. CH4/CFC, effect of
  orbital changes, trend of greenhouse gas
  emissions, Global Warming Potential, relative
  contribution of various greenhouse gases,
  Evidence of climate change, uncertainties of
  climate modeling, adverse impacts

5
Example Part I

• Explain the presence of the extremes (two
  maximum and one minimum for the Total Deposition
  line) on the above fractional respiratory
  deposition chart.
• Explain why the Antarctic ozone hole is the worst
  in the spring time. Discuss whether the same
  mechanisms for causing the O3 hole can be used to
  lower ground level O3 concentration.

6
Example Part II

• What is the concentration of 1-hour O3 standard
  at 25 oC and 1 atm in ?g/m3?