Fertility Restoration in Garlic

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Fertility Restoration in Garlic EU project
Garlic and Health - Work Package 2
Rina Kamenetsky and Haim D. Rabinowitch Idit
London, Marina Baizerman, Ada Harazy and Amit
Shiftan
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• Sterility was assumed to result from (Etoh
  Simon, 2002)
• Nutritional competition between floral and
  vegetative buds in the developing inflorescence
  (Koul and Gohil, 1970)
• Degeneration of the tapetum (Novak, 1972)
• Degenerative-like disease (Konvicka, 1973)
• Chromosomal deletions (Etoh, 1985)
• Hormonal imbalance and competition for resources
  between the simultaneously forming bulb, growing
  cloves and developing inflorescence (Pooler
  Simon, 1994)

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Garlic clones are classified according to their
ability to bolt 1. Complete bolting long
stalk with many flowers and topsets 2. Incomplete
bolting thin short stalk with a few large
topsets 3. Nonbolting producing only cloves
inside incomplete scape (Takagi, 1990)
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Missions to Central Asia in 2000 and 2001,
resulted in a collection of 241 accessions,
including wild populations and land-races.
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Incomplete-bolting accession
Bolting accession
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Bolting garlic
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• J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. (2004) Developmental
  Physiology
• Environmental Control of Garlic Growth and
  Florogenesis
• Rina Kamenetsky, Idit London Shafir, Hanita
  Zemah, Amalia Barzilay and H. D. Rabinowitch

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Treatment number
20/12C
LD
1
20/120C
20/12C
SD
2
23/15C
LD
23/150C
3
23/15C
SD
SD
4
20/120C
23/15C
LD
LD
5
SD
20/12C
6
20/12C
SD
20/120C
7
20/12C
SD
8
20/12C
SD
9
23/15C
SD
10
23/15C
SD
20/120C
11
23/15C
SD
12
23/15C
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SD
1 - 8 9 10 11 12 13
Weeks of experiment
Fig. 1. Phytotron thermo- and photo-period
treatments in 2001-2002 experiments.
Propagation bulbs were subjected to 60 days of
constant storage temperature at 40C
prior to planting. Short days (SD) 10 hrs
insolation Long days (LD) 10 hrs
sunlight followed by 10 hrs of incandescent
light.
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Plants under continuous SP did not bolt and
produced numerous axillary leaves
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March, 2002
Garlic nursery A general view
Individual garlic seedling, accession No. 500
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Treatment Leaf number prior to floral initiation Maximum scape length Sprouting cloves Dormant cloves
SD - LD 10 54.3 10
SD 13 0 10
LD 7 57.4 10
SD - 1 w LD - SD 10 31.5 10
SD - 2 w LD - SD 13 54.7 9
SD - 3 w LD - SD 12 60.5 9
SD - 4 w LD - SD 13 56.0 9
Growth temperatures 20/12 23/150C
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No. of accessions
incomplete-bolters
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Frequency distribution of scape length (42
accessions)
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Physiological parameters of bolting garlic (42
accessions)
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Newly-formed bulbs from seeds varied by
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Publications

• Kamenetsky, Rina and H. D. Rabinowitch (2001).
• Floral development in bolting garlic. Sexual
  Plant Reproduction 4, 235-241
• Kamenetsky, Rina, Idit London Shafir, Hanita
  Zemah, Amalia Barzilay and H. D. Rabinowitch
  (2004).
• Environmental control of garlic growth and
  florogenesis. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. (in press)

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