Space

1
Space

• What we know about the Universe

2
Celestial Body

• A celestial body is a natural object out in space
  such as a planet, a moon, an asteroid, a comet,
  or a star.
• People made note of the movement of the celestial
  bodies.
• People would use celestial bodies the measure the
  passage of time

3
Constellations

• Patterns of stars in the sky
• The people told stories of kings and queens,
  heroes and villains, animals and mythical
  creatures, and put them in the sky.
• Characters from Greek and Roman mythology make up
  most of the constellations we use today

4
Ursa Major, the Great Bear

• (including the Big Dipper)

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Ursa Minor, the Little Bear

• -(including the Little Dipper)

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Orion (the hunter)
7
Cassiopeia (the queen)
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Leo the lion
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Movement of the Stars
cyclic paths
10
Movement of the Stars
11
Motion of the Sun and moon

• The sun appears to move across the ecliptic due
  to the earth movement around the sun
• The moon also moves across the sky following the
  ecliptic on 28 day cycle.

12
Motion of the Planets

• the planets revolve around the Sun
• they move at different rates along the ecliptic.
• Mercury and Venus are close to the Sun ( seen in
  the at dawn or dusk)
• Outer planets can be seen at all times throughout
  the night

13
Movement of Comets

• comets can orbit in different planes.
• Different periods

Haley s comet every 75-76 years (1986 to
2061) Comet Hale-Bopp comes every 2520-2533
years ( 1997- 4527)
14
Seasonal Constellations

• The are constellations only visible in the
  winter.
• The are constellations only visible in the
  summer.
• Orion is a winter constellation
• Gemini is a summer constellation

15
Discoveries form the Past

• Aristotle (383322 B.C.E.)
• A geocentric universe has Earth at the centre and
  the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars revolving
  around it

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Discoveries form the Past

• Ptolemy (83168 C.E.)
• Aristotles model did not explain all the
  observed motions
• ie. Retrograde motion . A planet appearing to
  move backwards in the sky for a short time
  because we pass the planet on the inside.
• Ptolemy envisioned each planet not attached
  directly to its sphere,but attached to an
  off-centre wheel, which rotated as the sphere
  turned.

17
Discoveries form the Past

• Nicolaus Copernicus (14731543),
• Copernicus model of a heliocentric universe set
  the stage for other scientists to better
  understand the universe and to propose their own
  theories based on his model.

18
Discoveries form the Past

• Galileo Galilei (15641642)
• First person to turn a small telescope toward the
  heavens
• He observed craters on the Moon
• spots on the Sun
• four stars orbiting the planet Jupiter (the
  moons of Jupiter)

Galileo reasoned that Venus could only have
phases if it orbited the Sun
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Discoveries form the Past

• Johannes Kepler (15711630)
• He could describe the motions of the planets more
  accurately using new technologies to make very
  accurate observations, then analyzing the data
  using mathematics.
• Kepler developed three laws of planetary motion

20
Discoveries form the Past

• Sir Isaac Newton (16431727)

the most influential scientist who ever
lived developed three laws to describe and
predict motion (Laws of motion) the first to
show mathematically that the force of gravity
extends far beyond the surface of Earth (Law of
Gravitation) These same laws govern the motion
of stars throughout the Milky Way galaxy.
21
Early Technologies

• Stone Circles
• Ancient observatories for plotting the movement
  of celestial bodies

Bighorn Medicine Wheel Wyoming, U.S.A.
Stonehenge in England
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Early Technologies

• Astrolabe
• help them locate and predict the positions of the
  Sun, Moon, and stars.
• Measured angles in the sky

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Early Technologies

• Telescope an optical device that uses lenses to
  gather and focus light to provide a magnified
  view.

Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope
Hubble Space Telescope
Galileo
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Hubble Deep Field
Equivalent in angular size to a 65 mm tennis ball
at a distance of 100  metres Almost all of the
3,000 objects in the image are galaxies We
believe it is the same in all directions