Raman

1
?????????

• ? ?
• ???????????

2
? ? ? ?

• ?????????????????,???????????????????(????)?,??
  ?????????????,????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ????,?????1928????????????????

3
??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
?????????????,????????????????????????????????
4
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930

• for his work on the scattering of light and for
  the discovery of the effect named after him
• Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
• (1888 1970)
• Calcutta University Calcutta, India

5
???????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????  ???????????(?????)???,????????
??????????(??????)???????????   
????????????,?????????????????????,???????????,???
???????????????????????????
6
????????????????????????,?????,???????????
????????????????????????????,?????????????????????
????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
??????????
7
??????????
? Material checks anorganic and organic
contaminations, stress ? Corrosions products
identification of different oxides ? Carbon ?
diamond - CVD and natural ? amorphous carbon ?
carbon fibres ? Adsorbates on catalysts and
electrode surfaces ? Forensic ? detection
identification of drugs, explosives, fabrics etc.
? Mineralogy and Gemmology ? characterisation
? inclusions ? purity ? Art ? identification
of materials and paintings, (restauration!)
8

• 1. ????????
• ??????????????,???????,??????????????,?????
  ???????????????????????????????????

??????????????,??????????????????,????????????????
????????,??????????(Virtual state),???????????????
???,??????
9
???????????????????,?????????????,???????,????????
?????,?????????????????????,??????????????????????
?
10
?????????????????,????????????????????????????????
????
(from Larry G. Anderson, University of Colorado
at Denver, US)
11
???1). ?????????????????????????????,??????????
???????????????????????2). ????????????????????,??
??Boltzmann??,???????????????????????????
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
2. ?????????
Raman?????????????,??????????????????????,?????
???????????????Nylon 66?Raman???????
15
3. ?????????
?????????????,????????????????????,???????,??
????????,??????????,?????
16
(No Transcript)
17
3.1 ????
??????????????????,????????????????,??????????
?????????,?????,??????????????????????????,?????,?
????????????????????????????????????????????????,?
??514.5nm?488.0nm?????,???????0.21W???????????(63
2.8nm,?50mW)?
18
3.2 ??????????
??????????????????????,????????????????????,???
???????,????????????????????(??,???)?????
???????????,???????????????????????,??????????????
??????????????,??????????,???????
19
??L1?????,??????????????,?????????????????????????
????,????????L2??????????????????????????????,????
????????,?????????????????
20
????????M1?M2??????????,M1???????????????????,????
?????????????????????????????M2?????????????????,?
???????????????????
21
3.3 ????
??????????????,?????????????????????????????
?????????,??????????????????,??????,??????????(?1c
m-1)??????????(?50cm-1?)????10-11???????????,?????
?????????,????????,???????????
?????
22
3.4 ??????????
?????????????????????????,??????????,????
?????????????????????????,??????,?????????????????
???????????????????????????????????10-9A???????,??
10-10A????????
?????
23
4. ???????????????
????????,??????????,????????????,????????,??
??????????????????
24
4.1 ??
??????????????????????????????????????????,?
?????????????????????,?????????????,??????????????
??????????????,???????,????????????,??????????????
???????,????????,?????????,??????
?????
25
4.2 ??????
???????????????,???????????????,????????????
????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
????????????????,????????????????????
26
4.3 ????
???????????????????,????????????????????????
?????????????????,??,????????,???????????????????
,?????????????????????????????????????????
27
4.4 ????
???????????????????,????????,????514.5nm??488.0
nm??????,????????????(100cm-1???),???????????????
??????????????????????????????????????,??????????
??????????????????????????????????,????????????
28
?????????????????/????? (LRS-III
??????????)
29
?????????
1) ?? 1200L/mm 2) ???? D/F1/5.5 3)
?? A. ?? 0-2mm???? B. ????20mm C.
????0.01mm 4) ?????????? 5)
??YVO4Nd???,????532nm,???? 40mw 6) ????
300-650nm 7) ???? 0.4nm 8) ????? 0.2nm
9) ???10-3 10)?????2.7nm/mm
11)????????589nm?,???3mm,?0.2mm,?
????0.2nm
30
5. ????????
(1).????? ???????? (2).?????????
?????????????? ??????,??,??
31
????????
?????????????,???????????????,????????????????????
?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
????????????,?????????????????
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
????????(???)
??????????????,?? ????,????????????
36
(No Transcript)
37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
InGaAs(???)
40
??????
41
?????? ?????????? ????? ?????
42
????????
Origin??  
43
FL3-22-Triax320-TAU-PP
???/??????
44
Monochromators
EXCITATION Double MONO.

• Double Monochromators
• Dispersion 2.1 nm/mm
• 3 slits from 0 to 7 mm
• Bandpass from 0 to 15 nm
• Triax 320 Monochromator
• Dispersion 2.64 nm/mm
• F/n4.1
• Resolution0.06nm
• Accurancy0.3nm
• Precision0.06nm
• Gratings
• Ex 1200gr/mm, Blazed
• 330 nm(UV), 550 nm(VIS)
• T-side1200 gr/mm,Blazed
• 550 nm X2
• S-sideBlazed wavelength
• 550 nm (UV-VIS)
• 1.0 um (Upto 1.7um)
• 2.0 um (Upto 3.0nm)

TRIAX 320S Channel
EMISSION DOUBLE MONO.T Channel
45
Detectors in S-side

• R5509-72 Detectors
• PMT R5509-72 up to 1700 nm
• Used for Steady State Lifetime acq.
• High sensitivity with LN2 cooling.
• CCD Detectors
• Used for Steady State acquisitions only
• WL range240-900 nm.
• R928p Detector (Replaced)
• PMT R928p up to 900 nm
• Used for SS Phos.lifetime(gt10us).
• InGaAs Detector (Replaced)
• Used for Steady State only.
• WL range 1.1-2.2 um

EMISSION DETECTORS Channel
LIFETIME REFERENCE DETECTOR
STEADY STATE REF. DET.
EMISSIONDETECTORT Channel
46
Detectors in T-side

• Emission Detectors
• Selected PMT R928 up to 850-900 nm
• Used for Steady State Lifetime acq.
• Recommended Gain 950V (1200V max)
• Steady State Reference Detector
• Silicon photodiode
• Used for Steady State acquisitions only
• Receives a small fraction of the ex.. Light
• Corrects lamp fluctuations and ex. channel
  spectral response
• ? Lifetime Reference Detector
• Selected PMT R928 up to 850-900 nm
• Used for Lifetime acquisitions only
• Receives a small fraction of the modulated ex.
  Light

EMISSION DETECTORS Channel
LIFETIME REFERENCE DETECTOR
STEADY STATE REF. DET.
EMISSIONDETECTORT Channel