863??

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??

• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????(?????????????),??????????????????

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XML
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???????XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

• XML?????????????SGML(Standard Generalized Markup
  Language)????????(HTML)?
• 1996?,?????(W3C)???????????XML(eXtensible Markup
  language)????
• 1998?2?10????XML1.0,??????????????????????????????
  ??
• ????
• http//www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/
• W3C Recommendation 04 February 2004
• XML is a family of technologies XSL, XSLT,
  XPath, Xlink, Xpointer, DOM, etc.

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(No Transcript)
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An Example XML Document
lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"ISO-8859-1"?gt lttrade
Batchgt lttrade account"2520034" action"buy"
Duration "good-till-canceled"gt ltsymbolgtSUNWlt/sy
mbolgt ltquantitygt1000lt/quantitygt ltlimitgt20lt/limit
gt ltdategt2001-03-05lt/dategt lt/tradegt lttrade
account"9240196" action"sell"
duration"day"gt ltsymbolgtCSCOlt/symbolgt ltquantitygt50
0lt/quantitygt ltdategt2001-03-05lt/dategt lt/tradegt lt/tr
adeBatchgt lt!-- This is a comment --gt
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XML Document

• The document is composed of declarations,
  elements, comments, character references, and
  processing instructions, all of which are
  indicated in the document by explicit markup
• A data object is an XML document if it is
  well-formed, as defined in XML specification
• A well-formed XML document may in addition be
  valid if it meets certain further constraints

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XML Document Contents

• XML declaration
• Processing Instructions
• Elements
• Tags Start-Tags, End-Tags
• Attributes
• Empty-Element Tags
• PCDATA
• CDATA
• White Spaces
• Comments

Prolog
Content
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????????

• ???????(lt)?????(gt)?????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ????????????????-???
• ??????,?????????
• ??????
• ????????????

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XML ?????????????

• XML ????? XML ??????,??????????????????
• lt?xml version"1.0"
• encoding"gb2312"?gt
• ??lt!----gt
• ????lt?......?gt
• ??lt!ENTITY dw "developerWorks"gt

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???

• XML ??????????????????????????,??????????????????
• lt?xml version"1.0"?gt
• lt!-- A well-formed document --gt
• ltXML??gt
• Hello, World!
• lt/XML??gt

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XML Namespace - ????

• ltdefinitions
• xmlnsxsd"http//www.w3.org/2000/XMLSchema"
• xmlnsxsd1http//example.com/stockquote.xsd
• xmlnssoap"http//schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap
  /"
• xmlns"http//schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
• targetNamespace"http//example.com/stockquot
  e.wsdl"gt
• lttypesgtlttypes /gt
• lt/ definitions gt
• ???????URI
• ?????????????

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XML Namespace(?)

• XML?????????????????,?W3C???????
• ?XML?,????????tag??????????????,?????XML????????,?
  ????????Namespaces????????????
• ?XML Namespace??????Namespace??URI?????,?XML?????
  ?????????????????Namespace,???????????????????????
  ??
• ???Namespace?XML 1.0???,??????????????????????????
  ????local names(????)????????????????????,????????
  ?????????,???????????????XML???????,?????????????

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XML??(2)

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"gb2312" ?gt
• lt??gt
•   lt??gt???lt/??gt
•   lt??gt???????? ?????lt/??gt
•   lt?? ????"??"gt??lt/??gt
• lt??gt
•   lt??gt????lt/??gt
•   lt??gtweb ????lt/??gt
•   lt/??gt
•   lt??gt13701068603lt/??gt
•   ltE-mailgtdfma_at_nlsde.buaa.edu.cnlt/E-mailgt
•   lt??gt??????????lt/??gt
• lt/??gt

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Well-Formed XML Documents

• A "Well Formed" XML document has correct XML
  syntax
• A textual object is a well-formed XML document if
  it has the correct XML syntax
• It contains one or more elements
• There is exactly one element, called the root, or
  document element
• The name in an element's end-tag must match the
  element type in the start-tag Names are
  case-sensitive
• Each of the parsed entities which is referenced
  directly or indirectly within the document is
  well-formed

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DTD

• ??????(Document Type Definition ,DTD)?XML
  1.0??????
• DTD????????????????,????XML??????

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1 lt?XML version"1.0" standalone"yes"?gt 2
lt!DOCTYPE Students 4 lt!ELEMENT Students
(Student)gt 5 lt!ATTLIST Students Class
CDATA REQUIREDgt 6 lt!ELEMENT Student (Name,
Age?)gt 7 lt!ATTLIST Student SId CDATA
REQUIREDgt 9 lt!ELEMENT Name (PCDATA)gt 13
lt!ELEMENT Age (PCDATA)gt 18 gt 19 ltStudents
ClassSY9061gt 20 ltStudent SId"12345"gt 21
ltNamegtLinlt/Namegt 22
ltAgegt20lt/Agegt 23 ltAddressgt 24 ltCountrygtC
hinalt/Countrygt 25 ltCitygtBeiJinglt/Citygt 26
lt/Addressgt 27 lt/Studentgt 28 ltStudent
SId"12345"gt 29 ltNamegtLinlt/Namegt 30
lt/Studentgt 31 lt/Studentsgt
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DTD???

• ELEMENT ??
• ??????
• ATTLIST
• ???????????????????????
• ENTITY
• ????????
• NOTATION
• ??????????(???????)?????,?????????????????

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DTD??????

• DOCTYPE ??
• ??DTD??
• lt!DocType catalog ???? gt
• ??DTD??
• lt!DOCTYPE catalog SYSTEM http//myserver/decs/pub
  catalog.dtdgt

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?????

• ??D T D ??????????,??????????????????? ?????X M L
  ?????D T D ,?????????????D T D ,???????D T D
  ??????

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DTD???

• DTD?????????,????XML????,????XML???,?????????????
  ??XML,?????????????????DTD,??????????XML??,??XML?
  ????
• DTD???????????
• ????,???????DTD???????,??,??XML???????DTD,?????XML
  ?????????

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XML Information Set and Canonical XML

• ?????XML??????????????
• ???????????
• ???????XML?????

UTF-8
lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"gb2312" ?gt
lt??gt   lt??gt???lt/??gt lt??gt  
lt??gt????lt/??gt   lt??gtweb ????lt/??gt  
lt/??gt ltE-mailgtlt/E-mailgt lt/??gt
White space, CR, CR-LF, and LF line termination
ltE-mail/gt
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XML Information Set

• ?W3C???????XML Information Set????????????????????
  ????XML??????
• XML Information Set?????????,????(document)
  ???(element)???(attribute)???(character)???(commen
  t)????????????????????XML????????
• ???????,??XML????????XML?????,???XML Information
  Set???????????XML??????
• W3C?????XML??????????XML?????????XML Information
  Set?????????????,XML Information
  Set????????XML??????????????????

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• XML Information Set???????XML Information
  Set?????????,????????????XML?????,?????????
• XML?????????????(Information Item)??,???????????(p
  roperties)?
• XML Information Set????????,????????,??XML
  Information Set????????????
• Information Set?Information Item????tree,no
  de???????

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• Information Set????11????Information Item?
• The Document Information Item
• Element Information Item
• Attribute Information Item
• Processing Instruction Information Item
• Character Information Item
• Comment Information Item
• The Document Type Declaration Information Item
• Unexpanded Entity Reference Information Item
• Unparsed Entity Information Item
• Notation Information Item
• Namespace Information Item

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• What is not in Information set
• The content models of elements, from ELEMENT
  declarations in the DTD.
• The grouping and ordering of attribute
  declarations in ATTLIST declarations.
• The document type name.
• White space outside the document element.
• White space immediately following the target name
  of a PI.
• Whether characters are represented by character
  references.
• The difference between the two forms of an empty
  element ltfoo/gt and ltfoogtlt/foogt.
• White space within start-tags (other than
  significant white space in attribute values) and
  end-tags.
• The difference between CR, CR-LF, and LF line
  termination.

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• The order of attributes within a start-tag.
• The order of declarations within the DTD.
• The boundaries of conditional sections in the
  DTD.
• The boundaries of parameter entities in the DTD.
• Comments in the DTD.
• The location of declarations (whether in internal
  or external subset or parameter entities).
• Any ignored declarations, including those within
  an IGNORE conditional section, as well as entity
  and attribute declarations ignored because
  previous declarations override them.
• The kind of quotation marks (single or double)
  used to quote attribute values.
• The boundaries of general parsed entities.
• The boundaries of CDATA marked sections.
• The default value of attributes declared in the
  DTD.

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Canonical XML

• ?W3C???????
• ?XML 1.0??????,??????????,????????????,???????????
  ???,???????????????????????,???XML??????,?????????
  ????????XML??,??Canonical XML???????,???????
• ????????????????,???????,???????(??XML
  Signature),???????XML???????????????????

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The End!
29
???????
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ASCII

• ??,Internet????????ANSI?ASCII???(American
  Standard Code for Information Interchange,
  ?????????)
• ???7 bits???????,????128???,?????000-07F?
• ASCII??????????????????????????000-020?07F?33??
  ????

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• ISO-8859-1????????,????ASCII,??????000-0xFF,000-
  07F?????ASCII??,080-09F???????,0xA0-0xFF???????
  ?
• ISO-8859-1??????ASCII??????,??????????????????????
  ????????????????????,??????ISO-8859-1???

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• Latin1?ISO-8859-1???,???????Latin-1?
• ASCII?????7????,ISO-8859-1?????8?????
• ??ISO-8859-1????????????????,???ISO-8859-1????????
  ?????????????????????,?????????????ISO-8859-1?????
  ??????????????,MySQL????????Latin1??????????

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Unicode and UCS

• ????????????????,????????????????,????????????????
  ???
• ??,???????????????????????Unicode???ISO???????????
  ???,???????????????????????????????
• Unicode????Universal Multiple-Octet Coded
  Character Set,???UCS?
• UCS?????Unicode Character Set????

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• Unicode unicode.org???????, ??????????????.
• ?1.0??16???, ?U0000?UFFFF. ??2byte???????
• ?2.0?????16???, ???16????????, ?????16????,
  ???20???, ????0?0x10FFFF.

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• ISO 10646???????31??????
• ????????(00000-0xFFFD)?????????(Basic
  Multilingual Plane, BMP)
• ?????????????????
• BMP????????????????,??????BMP????????????????

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• ?1991???,?????????????????????
• ?unicode2.0??, unicode????ISO 10646-1????????,
• ISO???ISO10646??????0x10FFFF?UCS-4????, ????????.
• ??Unicode???????????ISO 10646????
• Unicode 3.0???????BMP????

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UCS-2 UTF-16

• UCS????????,?????????????????
• ?????UCS???6C49
• UTF-8?UTF-7?UTF-16???????????
• UTF?UCS Transformation Format????

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• UCS-2?UTF-16?UCS???(????Unicode???)?????????????
• UCS-2??????????,????????????????,?????BMP????????
• UCS-2???GBK?Big5,?????????,???????????,???????????
  ???????????

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• UTF-16?????,??????BMP??????,?4??????BMP???????????
  ????
• UTF-16?UCS-2???,UTF-16?????????????UCS-2??,?????BM
  P????UCS-2?????UTF-16?

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• UTF-16??????????,?????UTF-16???,??????????????????
  ???Unicode???594E,??Unicode???4E59???????UTF-1
  6???594E,?????????
• Unicode????????????????BOM?BOM??Bill Of
  Material?BOM?,??Byte Order Mark?

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• BOM???????????
• ?UCS????????"ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK
  SPACE"???,?????FEFF??FFFE?UCS????????,????????????
  ??UCS?????????????,?????"ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK
  SPACE"?
• ?????????FEFF,?????????Big-Endian?????FFFE,??????
  ???Little-Endian??????"ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK
  SPACE"????BOM?

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(????)

• UCS-2?UTF-16??????????????????,???big
  endian?little endian(?????)?
• ???(U554A)?big endian????0554A,?little
  endian????04A55?
• UCS-2?UTF-16???????big endian???
• ??????????????????????BOM(Byte order
  Mark),0xFEFF???big endian,0xFFFE???little endian?
• UCS-2BE?UCS-2LE?????????????,???big endian?little
  endian,UTF-16BE?UTF-16LE??????????BE???,?????UCS-2
  ???UCS-2BE???

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UTF-8

• UTF-8?UCS???????????,UTF-16??????????(16?),?UTF-8?
  ?????????(8?)?
• UTF-16????????????????,UTF-8?????????????????
• ????UTF-8??????????UCS-2?????,?UCS-2?UTF-8????????
  ?

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UCS-2 UTF-8
U0000 - U007F 0xxxxxxx
U0080 - U07FF 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
U0800 - UFFFF 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
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• ?????Unicode???6C49?6C49?0800-FFFF??,??????3????
  ?1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx??6C49??????0110
  110001 001001, ??????????????x,??11100110
  10110001 10001001,?E6 B1 89?
• ?????UCS-2???0554A,???????0101 0101 0100
  1010,??UTF-8?????????1110 0101 10 010101 10
  001010,????????0xE5958A?

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• ??UTF-8??????UCS??????,????UTF-8?????
• UTF-8???ASCII??,????ASCII??????UTF-8??ASCII???????
  ???000-07F????????ASCII??,?????????????GBK?Big5?
  ??????UTF-8???????
• ??U007F?UCS??,?UTF-8???????????
• UTF-8??????????????000-0xFD??(???UCS-4?????,????0
  00-0xEF??)????????????????????
• ???????????080-0xBF??0xFE?0xFF?UTF-8???????
• GBK??????????UCS-2??????U0800 -
  UFFFF??,????GBK?????????UTF-8????3?????GBK???????
  ??UTF-8???????3????,?GBK???????
• ?UTF-8?????????????????,?????????????????,????????
  ???????????,????????,???????????????????????UTF-8?
  ????????????

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?????????

• ????????????,??????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ???????
• ??????
• ?????????
• ???????????????????,???? Charset/encoding,???
  EF BB BF UTF-8FE FF UTF-16/UCS-2, little
  endianFF FE UTF-16/UCS-2, big endianFF FE
  00 00 UTF-32/UCS-4, little endian.00 00 FE FF
  UTF-32/UCS-4, big-endian.

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• ???????????????,?????????????????????????????,????
  ????????????????HTTP?????????,??????????????????HT
  TP?????????????
• Content-Type text/htmlcharsetutf-8

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• ?????????Html??,??????????????
• ltmeta http-equivContent-Type
  contenttext/html charsetUTF-8/gt
• ?????????????????????,???????Charset????
• UCS-2/UTF-16?BOM???????????????,??????????BOM?????
  ?

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• Java ?????????????? UTF-16??? Java ??? charset
  ??? 16 ? UTF-16 ???????????????????
• Java ????????????????? charset?
• US-ASCII, 7 ? ASCII ??,??? ISO646-US?Unicode
  ?????????
• ISO-8859-1,  ISO ????? No.1,??? ISO-LATIN-1
• UTF-8, 8 ? UCS ????
• UTF-16BE, 16 ? UCS ????,Big Endian(??????????)????
  
• UTF-16LE, 16 ? UCS ????,Little-endian(??????????)?
  ???
• UTF-16, 16 ? UCS ????,?????????????????

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??????

• GB2312
• GBK
• Big5
• GB18030

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GB2312, 1980

• GB2312????????????????????,?????????????????,?
  ????????,1981?5?1???,??????????????????
• GB2312???????????????????7445?????,?????6763??
• GB2312????????????????????,?????????????,???????
  ??????,??????????

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• GB2312?????????,?????????94??,?????94??,??????????
  ??????????????????? ?10??????,?1601???16?1?,??????
  ??
• ????01-09????????,16-87?????,10-15?88-94??????????
  ?????????????????? ?3755?,??16-55?,???????/??????
  ????????????3008?,??56-87?,???/??????????
  ?????????,??????????????????????,?????????????????
  ??????????
• ???????????????,??????????????

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• GB2312???????2121H-777EH,?ASCII???,??????GB???????
  ???1?????
• ???????????????0xA0????GB2312???
• EUC-CN?????GB2312???,?GB2312?????
• ????GB2312???????? Unicode?UTF-8?

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GBK, 1995

• GB2312-80????6763?,?????????,??????????????????,??
  ???????,????????,????????,???GB2312-80,????????
  ?????(??)?(??)?(????)????,??????,????????????????
  ????,????????????????????,????????????
• ????????,????UNICODE???,?????????????1995?12?1???
  ???????
• GBK???GB2312 ????,????ISO 10646????,??????????????
  ????????

?????
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• 1995????????GBK1.0???21886???,??????????????????21
  003????
• GBK ????????,???????8140-FEFE??,????81-FE??,????40
  -FE??,??XX7F????
• GBK ????????, GBK?????????08140-0xFEFE,???????07
  F??????????081-0xFE,??????040-7E?080-0xFE?

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• ??????040-07E????(?)?????,???????????????????
  ????? GBK??????,??????????????GB2312?????????????
• ????040-07E?GBK????????,?????????ASCII????,?????
  ????????
• ??GBK??????080???????? ?ASCII????????????040?AS
  CII?????????,?????????,???????????????Big5????????
  ???

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Big5

• Big5??????,????????081-0xFE,????????040-07E?0xA
  1-0xFE??GBK??,??????080-0xA0????08140-0xA0FE????
  ?,????????
• Big5????????????,???????,?????????????GBK?????????
  ?????Big5????????Big5?????????,??????Big5????????,
  ????????Windows?????????CP950????????Big5???,?Big5
  ???????7?????????Big5?????????GBK??????,????Big5??
  ????GBK????????,???????????
• ??Big5????ASCII?????(???????040-07E),??Big5?????
  ??????GBK???????,???????040-07E???????????,?????
  ??05C(/)?07C()????????GBK???????

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GB18030 , 2000

• GB18030??????GBK?GB2312,????????????,?????????????
  GB18030?????Unicode3.1????,??????????,GBK?????????
  ?,???????????????????????
• GB18030???????,?????????????????
• GBK?GB2312?????????,?????ASCII?????????,??????????
  ????????????
• GB18030
• ????????000-07F,?????ASCII
• ?????????GBK??,????081-0xFE,???
  ??????040-07E?080-FE
• ??????????????????081-0xFE,??????030-039

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??????

• ??"   ?Google????E9BB91E799BD    
• ???????BADAB0D7  
• ??????utf8???,???????MBCS?GB2312???????  

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