Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior

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Thinking About Psychology The Science of Mind
and Behavior

• Charles T. Blair-Broeker
• Randal M. Ernst

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Hypnosis

• Module 21

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What is Hypnosis?

• Module 21 Hypnosis

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Hypnosis

• A social interaction in which one person (the
  hypnotist) makes suggestions about perceptions,
  feelings, thoughts, or behaviors, and another
  person (the subject) follows those suggestions

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What is Hypnosis?Social Influence Theory

• Module 21 Hypnosis

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Social Influence Theory

• Powerful social influences produce a state of
  hypnosis.
• This theory notes that a persons physiological
  state does not change under hypnosis.
• Social factors influence people to believe
  hypnosis will work.

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What is Hypnosis?Divided Consciousness Theory

• Module 21 Hypnosis

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Divided Consciousness Theory

• During hypnosis our consciousness splits so that
  one aspect of consciousness is not aware of the
  role that other parts are playing.
• Promoted by Ernest Hilgard (1904-2001)

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Hypnotic Techniques

• Module 21 Hypnosis

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Hypnotic Induction

• The process by which a hypnotist creates a state
  of hypnosis in a subject
• Usually done by voicing a series of suggestions
• Voice is usually calm and of a rhythmic tone

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Hypnotizability

• Differences in the ability of people to become
  hypnotized
• Varies from person to person
• Varies from situation to situation

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Hypnotizability
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Hypnotic TechniquesHypnotic Suggestions

• Module 21 Hypnosis

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Limits to Hypnotic Suggestions

• Suggestions usually involve sensations, thoughts,
  emotions, and a wide variety of behaviors.
• Hypnosis does not cause behaviors.
• Hypnosis can lead people to certain behaviors but
  so can ordinary suggestions.

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Hypnotic TechniquesPosthypnotic Suggestions

• Module 21 Hypnosis

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Posthypnotic Suggestions

• A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session,
  that the subject will carry out when no longer
  hypnotized
• Technique can be used to encourage helpful
  behavior changes, such as stopping smoking or
  losing weight.

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Hypnotic Amnesia

• Inability to remember what happened during
  hypnosis because the hypnotist suggests that the
  subject will have no memory of that period of
  time

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Hypnosis

• Play Hypnotic Dissociation and Pain Relief
  (303) Segment 2 from The Mind Psychology
  Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

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Applications of HypnosisHypnosis and Memory

• Module 21 Hypnosis

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Hypnosis and Memory

• There are isolated cases of hypnosis helping
  recall.
• Cannot be sure if the memory came back due to
  hypnosis
• Cannot be sure if the memory is accurate or one
  that is created to please the hypnotist

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Applications of HypnosisHypnosis and Pain
Control

• Module 21 Hypnosis

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Pain and Hypnosis

• Hypnosis does work as a means to control pain.
• Has a number of practical applications

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Applications of HypnosisOther Hypnotic Claims

• Module 21 Hypnosis

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Placebo Effect

• Improvement due only to the power of positive
  expectations
• People think they will get better so they do

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Feats of Strength

• Many feats of strength done under hypnosis can be
  accomplished without hypnosis.

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Feats of Strength
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Age Regression

• Under hypnosis, the supposed ability to remember
  earlier periods of time in ones life
• Psychologists consider age regression
  demonstrations unreliable.

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The End