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Past Studies and Resource Diversity

• Western Renewable Energy Zones, a joint
  initiative of the Western Governors Association
  and the U.S. Department of Energy, Phase 1 June
  2009
• Western Wind and Solar Integration Study prepared
  for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory by
  GE Energy, May 2010
• WECC EDT Phase 2 EIM Benefits Analysis and
  Results prepared for the Western Electricity
  Coordinating Council by EnergyEnvironmental
  Economics (E3), June 2011
• Western Grid 2050 prepared for the Clean Energy
  Vision Project of the Western Grid Group by Aspen
  Environmental Group, August 2011
• 2011 WECC 10-Year Regional Transmission Plan
  prepared for the Western Electricity Coordinating
  Council and the U.S. Department of Energy by the
  Transmission Expansion Planning Policy Committee,
  September 2011
• None analyze specific benefits of diversity or
  Resource Reciprocity

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Western Renewable Energy Zones

• Areas of highest renewable resource supply
  potential

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Western Wind and Solar Integration Study

• Lower integration costs through balancing area
  cooperation

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Western Wind and Solar Integration Study

• Variability DECREASES for increased renewable
  penetration WECC-Wide

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TEPPC and Western Grid

• TEPPC only looked at one region at a time
• Western Grid looked at types of generation, but
  not specific locations

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Eight Diverse Wind Regimes
Average Output Standard Deviation
Wyoming 45 0.38
Montana 36 0.31
Utah 33 0.37
Colorado 33 0.31
Washington 28 0.30
Oregon 24 0.31
California-Tehachapi 38 0.33
California- Southern 25 0.26
Composite 33 0.19
Source NREL dataset for 1 year
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January
Montana
Washington
Wyoming
Oregon
Tehatchapi
Utah
Southern California
Colorado
Composite equally weighted from the eight zones
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Exports from All Regions !

• If each region has resources equal to the amount
  that can be integrated locally plus an amount
  that can be accommodated by export capacity
• EIM enables efficient market and enhanced
  integration
• Reduced dispatch of non-renewables

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Further Study

• Resource Optimization
• Solar Diversity
• Costs
• Resource cost
• Transmission
• Savings
• Production cost
• Integration savings
• Other benefits
• Carbon reduction
• Economic development

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Appendix