Title: (????? ??????? ??? ?"? phagocytosis)
1 2- ????? ???????????????? ???? ???? ???
- ???? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????
- ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????
- ????? ?? ??????????????? ?"? ???????? ??????
- (????? ??????? ??? ?"? phagocytosis)
- 5) ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????
- 6) ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?????-?????? ??????
- ?? ??????? ???.
36) ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?????-?????? ??????
?? ??????? ???. 7) ???????? ??? ???????????????
??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????-??????.
ionotropic vs metabotropic 8) ??????????? ?"?
????? ????????? ?????? ????? reuptake ??
??????????????? ?"? ??? ????-?????? (endocytosis)
4- ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ???? ?"?
???? ?????/ ????? ??????? ????-????????
(auto-receptors).
5- ??????? Agonist
- ????? ????? (????) ?? ????? ??????????????? ??
??? ?????-??????.
6- ????????? Antagonist????? ????? (????? ??
?????) ????? ?????????????? ?? ??? ?????-??????
7- ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
???? ????? ???????? - ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???
- ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????
- ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? (????? ?????? ?????
????? ?????? ????? ?????). -
8- ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
??????????????? - ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ???????
(??????????? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ??"?
??????????). - ?? ????? ??"? (???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?? ?"? ??????
??????????????) - ?? ????? ??"? ????????? (?????? ???? ?????
?????? ????????????? ?????????).
9 ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??"??? ??????
?????????? ?"? ???? (???????? ???? ????? ????
????? ?????? ???????)?? ?????? ?????????? (???
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????)??
???????? ????-???????? (????????????)
10- ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??"? ?????? ???????
-
- ?? ????? ?????? ?"? ?"? ????? (??????????? ????
????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????????, ???? ????
?????? ????? ??"?) - ?? ????? ?????? ?"? ?"? ?????? ???? (??????
???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
?????????????, ???? ??????? ?????? ???????)
11????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??"? ?? ???
?????-??????
- ????? ????? ???????? (??????? ???? ???? ??????
GABA, TCA ????? ???? ?????? ??????
??????????????). - ????? ?????? (LSD ????? ????? ?? ???????)
- ????? ????? (?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????)
- ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????-??????
(?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? cAMP).
12- ?????????? (acetylcholine, ACh)
- ?????????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??"? ?????
?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????. ??? ????
??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???????? ?-Ach
?????? ?????????? (cholinergic)
13?????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? 2 ????
???????? ???????? (???) ????????? (??? ??????
Amanita muscaria). ???????? ?????????? ??????
?????? ????????? ?"? ?????? ????????????, ???
???? ???, ?????? ??????? ????. ??? ???????? ??
??????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????
???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? (???? ?????
????), ????? ??? (???? ????? ?????).
?????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????????
- 2 ???? ???????? ???????? (???) ????????? (???
?????? Amanita muscaria). - ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?"?
?????? ????????????, ??? ???? ???, ?????? ???????
????. - ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??????????,
????? ???? ????.
14- ??? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????????
?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? - ????? ?????? ???? (???? ????? ????), ????? ???
(???? ????? ?????). - ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? metabotropic
???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? (second
messenger systems).
15- ???????? ?????????? "????? ?????????"
- ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???' ??????
??????????. ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????
(??????? ?????).
16- ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????
??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????. - ?? 3 ?????? ?? ?????????? ????
- 1) ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? REM
- 2) ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????
?????? - 3) ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????,
?????? ?? ????? ???????. - ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????,
???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??"? ?? ????????
??????? ???????.
17- ?????? ?? ??????????
- ??? ???? ???? ?????
- ????? (???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????)
- ????? ???? ????? ?????.
- ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
?????-????? ????????. - ((Choline acytel-transferase
- ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?"? ??????
acytelcholinesterase ????? ???? ????? ??????
?????. -
18- ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??"? ??????????
- ????????? ?? ?????
????? - ??? ?????? ??????
????? ????? ???? - ???????
????? ?????
???????? - ???????
" "
???????? -
?????????? ???? ?????
????? ??? - ???????????
- ??? ??????????
???? ????? ??? - ??????
???? ??????? ?????????? - ???????
?????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? -
19- ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????
- ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????
(??????????, ??) ??????? ???????. - ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
(neuromascular junction) - ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
??????????????? ???????????.
20??????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????????
??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????????
??? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
????. ?? ????? ?? ???? ????, ?????????? ??? ?????
?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????
???????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????
21- Myasthenia Gravis
- ???? ????-??????? (?????? ???????? ????? ???????
??? ????? ???) - ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????????
??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? (neuromascular
junctions). - ?????????
- ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????. ????? ??
??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????. - ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??
???????????
22- ?????
- ?????? ??????? /?????? ?? ?????? ????????
- (????? ??????? ???' ???????? ?????? ?????
?????.) - ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????
acetylcholinesterase ???? ???? ??????????? ????
?? ???? ?????? ???????.
23???? ????????
- ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
???????????? ???? - ?????? ??????? (?????) (age-associated memory
impairments)
24- ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? 90 ??????
????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??
????? ??????????? - ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????
25- ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????
????? ???????? ?? ?????????? - ???? ????? ?????????? "?????" ?? ?????????? ????
???????? (????? ??????? ??? ????) - ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? (?????? ???? ????,
????? ????? ??????? ???????)
26?????
- ?????? ?? ???? ????????????
- ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????
- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
27?????????? cathecolamines DA, NE, epinephrine
???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????.
??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????
??????? ???? ????.
28??????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????
??????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? NE, ???? ???
???? ??-NE ?????????.
- Tyrosine ? L-Dopa ? Dopamine ? NorEpinephrine ?
Epinephrine
29- 1) ?????? ?? ???????????
- ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ????
??????? ???????? ?????? ????? - Tyrosine hydroxylase
- Decarboxylase ????? ?????? ?-co2.
- Dopamine Beta-hydroxylase
- methyl-transferase
30- ???? ?? ???????????? ????? ?"? ????? ????????
???????? MAO (monoamine oxidase)
31- ?????? (DA, dopamine)
- 5 ???? ???????? D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
- ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????
?????-???????. - ??? ???? ?????? ????????, ?????, ??? ??????????.
- ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
- ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????
??????. - ?????? ??????-????????? ???-?????????
- 2) ?????? ????-??????
- 3) ?????? ????-?????????
32- ?????? ??????-????????? ????-?????????
- ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? (substantia
nigra) ??????? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????? ??
???????? ??? ??? ?????? MFB (medial forebrain
bundle) ????-???????? neostariatum (????? ??????,
caudate and putamen). - ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????.
33????-???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????
((basal ganglia ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ??
???? ???, ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????
(??? ??????, ?????? ????, ???? ??????).
34- ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??-???, ???? ????? ?????
????????? ??? ??? ??? L-dopa. ?????? ??? ??????
???? ??????? ?"? ????????? ????? ????? ??????. - ?????? ??? (???-?????????) ?? ???? ?????? ????
??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????.
35- ?????? ????-??????
- ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????
???????? ???????? (ventral tegmentum) ????
??????. ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????, ???
???? ???????? ???????????. ?????? ??? ??????
????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????.
36- ?????? ????-?????????
- ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????
???????? ???????? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????
??????? ????-???????, ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????
???????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????.
37- ????????? ?? ?????
????? - L-DOPA
??? ?? ???? ?????? - ????????????
????? ????? - ??????
???? ????? ???? - ??????
???? MAO -
- ???????????
- AMPT
???? ????? ?????? - ??????
???? ????? ????????? - ????????????, ??????????
????? ?????
38??????????? (NE norepinephrine, noradrenaline)
?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????, ??
??????? ???? ?-NE ????? ?? NE ????? ????? ?"?
????? MAO. ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????
NE ???? ?????? ?- locus coeruleus. ??????? ??????
??????? NE ?????? ?? ???? ??????? (????) ??
??????. ???? ???? ??????? ?? NE ???? ????? ?????
?? ????.
39?????? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ????????
????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????, ?????
??-?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? NE ???? ?????? ???
???? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???
?????? ??????. NE ???? ???? ???? ?????? .
40- ????????? ?? ?????
????? - ????????, ???????? ???????
?????? - ?????????
???? ????? ???? - ?????????
???? ????? MAO - ??????
???? MAO ??? ????? - ???????
???? ????? ????? ????? - ???????????
- ??????
???? ????? ????????? - ????????
???? ?????
41- ???????? (serotonin, 5-HT) ????? ???? ???,
?????, ???? ???? ?????, ???'. - ????? ?????? ????? ???????? (tryptophan).
42- ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????,
?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? (raphe
nuclei). - ?? ????????? ?-15 ???? ????????.
- ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????
?????????????, ???? Prozac.
43- ??????? (glutamate, Glu) ???? ????? ?????.
?????? NMDA ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.
????? ????? ?"? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???
??? ????? ?????? excitotoxicity. - ???? (GABA) ???? ???? ?????.
44??????? ??????? ?????.
- ?? ??"??? ????????? ???? ???? ?-3 ??????
- ??????? ?????????? opioid peptides. ?????? ??? ??
endorphins. ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????. ??????
????? ???? ?-analgesia ?????? ???.
45- 2) ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? CCK, NPY,
Substance P - 3) ???????? ?? ????? ????????? - vasopressin,
oxytocin.
46???? ????????????? ??? ???????
- ??????? (?????, affinity) ???? ???? ??"? ?? ??
???? ???? ???????. - ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??
????? ???????.
47???? ????????????? ??? ???????
- ?????????? (stimulants) ????? ?? ??????? ??
????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??? ???????????.
????? ???, ???? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ????
?????????. ???? reuptake ?? DA ?-NE
48- Anxiolytics ???? ???????? ????, ???? -
benzodiazepines. - ??????? Librium, Valium ????????? ?? GABA.
?????? ??????? GABAa, ??? ?? ?????? ????.