Poetry Part One

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Poetry Part One

• A Unit on Types of Poetry and Literary Terms

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POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY

• POET
• The poet is the author of the poem.

• SPEAKER
• The speaker of the poem is the narrator of the
  poem.

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Speaker v. Author

• Cross
• My old man's a white old man And my old mother's
  black. If ever I cursed my white old man I take
  my curses back. If ever I cursed my black old
  mother And wished she were in hell, I'm sorry
  for that evil wish And now I wish her well My
  old man died in a fine big house. My ma died in
  a shack. I wonder were I'm going to die, Being
  neither white nor black?
• Langston Hughes

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Point of View

• Who is the speaker in the poem?
• What is their tone?
• The Point of view can be the actual poet
  him/herself, but may also be an animal, an
  inanimate object, or a fictional character.

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Types of Point of View

• 1st person the speaker is a character in the
  story or poem and tells it from his/her
  perspective (uses "I")
• 3rd person limited the speaker is not part of
  the story, but tells about the other characters
  but limits information about what one character
  sees and feels.
• 3rd person omniscient the speaker is not part of
  the story, but is able to "know" and describe
  what all characters are thinking.

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Stanzas

• A divided section with a group of lines
• A format chosen by the poet
• May include a rhyming pattern
• Theres a lady whos sure
• All that glitters is gold
• And shes buying a stairway to heaven.
• When she gets there she knows
• If the doors are all closed
• With a word she can get what she came for.
• And shes buying a stairway to heaven.

http//www.lyricsledzeppelin.com
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KINDS OF STANZAS

• Couplet a two line stanza
• Triplet (Tercet) a three line stanza
• Quatrain a four line stanza
• Quintet a five line stanza
• Sestet (Sextet) a six line stanza
• Septet a seven line stanza
• Octave an eight line stanza

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Repetition

• Repetition is used to make an impact on the
  poems tone. Words or phrases are repeated
  throughout the poem.
• Here comes summer,
• Here comes summer,
• Chirping robin, budding rose.
• Here comes summer,
• Here comes summer,
• Gentle showers, summer clothes.
• By Shel Silverstein

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Refrain

• Repetitive line found throughout the poem
• Is usually found in the same place in each stanza
• Similar to the chorus in a song

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Edgar Allan Poe The Raven

• First published in 1845
• Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered
  weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious
  volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly
  napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of
  some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber
  door.'Tis some visitor,' I muttered, tapping
  at my chamber door -Only this, and nothing
  more.'Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the
  bleak December,And each separate dying ember
  wrought its ghost upon the floor.Eagerly I
  wished the morrow - vainly I had sought to
  borrowFrom my books surcease of sorrow - sorrow
  for the lost Lenore -For the rare and radiant
  maiden whom the angels named Lenore -Nameless
  here for evermore.

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• And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each
  purple curtainThrilled me - filled me with
  fantastic terrors never felt beforeSo that now,
  to still the beating of my heart, I stood
  repeating'Tis some visitor entreating entrance
  at my chamber door -Some late visitor entreating
  entrance at my chamber door -This it is, and
  nothing more,'Presently my soul grew stronger
  hesitating then no longer,Sir,' said I, or
  Madam, truly your forgiveness I imploreBut the
  fact is I was napping, and so gently you came
  rapping,And so faintly you came tapping, tapping
  at my chamber door,That I scarce was sure I
  heard you' - here I opened wide the door
  -Darkness there, and nothing more.Deep into
  that darkness peering, long I stood there
  wondering, fearing,Doubting, dreaming dreams no
  mortal ever dared to dream beforeBut the silence
  was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token,And
  the only word there spoken was the whispered
  word, Lenore!'This I whispered, and an echo
  murmured back the word, Lenore!'Merely this and
  nothing more.

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• Back into the chamber turning, all my soul
  within me burning,Soon again I heard a tapping
  somewhat louder than before.Surely,' said I,
  surely that is something at my window
  latticeLet me see then, what thereat is, and
  this mystery explore -Let my heart be still a
  moment and this mystery explore -'Tis the wind
  and nothing more!'Open here I flung the
  shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter,In
  there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days
  of yore.Not the least obeisance made he not a
  minute stopped or stayed heBut, with mien of
  lord or lady, perched above my chamber door
  -Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my
  chamber door -Perched, and sat, and nothing
  more.Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad
  fancy into smiling,By the grave and stern
  decorum of the countenance it wore,Though thy
  crest be shorn and shaven, thou,' I said, art
  sure no craven.Ghastly grim and ancient raven
  wandering from the nightly shore -Tell me what
  thy lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian
  shore!'Quoth the raven, Nevermore.'

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• Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear
  discourse so plainly,Though its answer little
  meaning - little relevancy boreFor we cannot
  help agreeing that no living human beingEver yet
  was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber
  door -Bird or beast above the sculptured bust
  above his chamber door,With such name as
  Nevermore.'But the raven, sitting lonely on
  the placid bust, spoke only,That one word, as if
  his soul in that one word he did outpour.Nothing
  further then he uttered - not a feather then he
  fluttered -Till I scarcely more than muttered
  Other friends have flown before -On the morrow
  he will leave me, as my hopes have flown
  before.'Then the bird said, Nevermore.'Startle
  d at the stillness broken by reply so aptly
  spoken,Doubtless,' said I, what it utters is
  its only stock and store,Caught from some
  unhappy master whom unmerciful disasterFollowed
  fast and followed faster till his songs one
  burden bore -Till the dirges of his hope that
  melancholy burden boreOf "Never-nevermore."'

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But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul
into smiling,Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat
in front of bird and bust and doorThen, upon
the velvet sinking, I betook myself to
linkingFancy unto fancy, thinking what this
ominous bird of yore -What this grim, ungainly,
ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yoreMeant in
croaking Nevermore.'to lies floating on the
floorShall be lifted - nevermore!

• This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable
  expressing
• To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my
  bosom's core
• This and more I sat divining, with my head at
  ease reclining
• On the cushion's velvet lining that the
  lamp-light gloated o'er,
• But whose velvet violet lining with the
  lamp-light gloating o'er,
• She shall press, ah, nevermore!
• Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed
  from an unseen censer
• Swung by Seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the
  tufted floor.
• Wretch,' I cried, thy God hath lent thee - by
  these angels he has sent thee
• Respite - respite and nepenthe from thy memories
  of Lenore!
• Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe, and forget
  this lost Lenore!
• Quoth the raven, Nevermore.'

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• Prophet!' said I, thing of evil! - prophet
  still, if bird or devil! -Whether tempter sent,
  or whether tempest tossed thee here
  ashore,Desolate yet all undaunted, on this
  desert land enchanted -On this home by horror
  haunted - tell me truly, I implore -Is there -
  is there balm in Gilead? - tell me - tell me, I
  implore!'Quoth the raven, Nevermore.'Prophet!
  ' said I, thing of evil! - prophet still, if
  bird or devil!By that Heaven that bends above us
  - by that God we both adore -Tell this soul with
  sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,It
  shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels
  named Lenore -Clasp a rare and radiant maiden,
  whom the angels named Lenore?'Quoth the raven,
  Nevermore.'Be that word our sign of parting,
  bird or fiend!' I shrieked upstarting -Get thee
  back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian
  shore!Leave no black plume as a token of that
  lie thy soul hath spoken!Leave my loneliness
  unbroken! - quit the bust above my door!Take thy
  beak from out my heart, and take thy form from
  off my door!'Quoth the raven, Nevermore.'And
  the raven, never flitting, still is sitting,
  still is sittingOn the pallid bust of Pallas
  just above my chamber doorAnd his eyes have all
  the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming,And
  the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his
  shadow on the floorAnd my soul from out that
  shadow thatlies floating on the floorShall be
  lifted - nevermore!

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REFRAIN

• A sound, word, phrase or line repeated regularly
  in a poem.

• Quoth the raven, Nevermore.

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Toaster fails to visit Edgar Allen Poes grave
on birthday By JOSEPH WHITE    Comments     0
Published January 24, 2010 BALTIMORE Is this
tradition "nevermore? A mysterious visitor who
each year leaves roses and cognac at the grave of
Edgar Allan Poe on the writers birthday failed
to show Tuesday, breaking with a ritual that
began more than 60 years ago.
                                                  
                                                  
The original grave of Edgar Allan Poe is shown
with a bottle of cognac and three roses left by a
mysterious visitor, in Baltimore. At 530 a.m.
Jan. 19, Jeff Jerome, curator of the Poe House
and Museum, emerged to announce that the
mysterious visitor, who had always appeared
between midnight and 530 a.m., never showed.
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"Im confused, befuddled, said Jeff Jerome,
curator of the Poe House and Museum. "I dont
know whats going on. The tradition dates to at
least 1949, according to newspaper accounts from
the era, Jerome said. Since then, an unidentified
person has come every year Jan. 19 to leave three
roses and a half-bottle of cognac at Poes grave
in a church cemetery in downtown Baltimore. The
event has become a pilgrimage for die-hard Poe
fans, some of whom travel hundreds of miles.
About three dozen stood huddled in blankets
during the overnight cold Tuesday, peering
through the churchyards iron gates hoping to
catch a glimpse of the figure known only as the
"Poe toaster. At 530 a.m., Jerome emerged from
inside the church, where he and a select group of
Poe enthusiasts keep watch over the graveyard,
and announced to the crowd that the visitor never
arrived.
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He allowed an Associated Press reporter inside
the gates to view both of Poes gravesites, the
original one and a newer site where the body was
moved in 1875. There was no sign of roses or
cognac at either tombstone. "Im very
disappointed, to the point where I want to cry,
said Cynthia Pelayo, 29, who had stood riveted to
her prime viewing spot at the gate for about six
hours. "I flew in from Chicago to see him. Im
just really sad. I hope that hes OK. Pelayo
and Poe fans from as far as Texas and
Massachusetts had passed the overnight hours
reading aloud from Poes works, including the
poem "The Raven, with its haunting repetition of
the word "nevermore. Soon they were speculating,
along with Jerome, about what might have caused
the visitor not to appear. "Youve got so many
possibilities, said Jerome, who has attended the
ritual every year since 1977. "The guy had the
flu, accident, too many people. Tuesday marked
the 201st anniversary of Poes birth, and Jerome
speculated that perhaps the visitor considered
last years bicentennial an appropriate stopping
point. "People will be asking me, Why do you
think he stopped? Jerome said. "Or did he stop?
We dont know if he stopped. He just didnt come
this year. Jerome said he will continue the
vigil for at least the next two or three years in
case the visits resume. "So, for me, its not
over with, he said. Read more
http//www.newsok.com/toaster-fails-to-visit-poes-
grave-on-birthday/article/3434008?custom_clickpod
_lead_aeixzz0dUOwnDMr
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Another example of Refrain/Repetition Annabel
Lee by Edgar Allan Poe
It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by
the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may
know By the name of ANNABEL LEE And this maiden
she lived with other thought Than to love and be
loved by me (3 missing stanzas) And neither the
angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down
under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the
soul Of the beautiful ANNABEL LEE
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For the moon never beams, without bringing me
dreams Of the beautiful ANNABEL LEE And the
stars never rise, but I feel the bright eyes Of
the beautiful ANNABEL LEE And so, all the
night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my
darling-my darling- my life and my bride, In the
sepulchre there by the sea- In her tomb by the
sounding sea. Edgar Allan Poe
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Since Hanna Moved Away
The tires on my bike are flat The sky is grouchy
gray. At least it sure feels like that Since
Hanna moved away. Chocolate ice cream tastes
like prunes. Decembers come to stay. Theyve
taken back the Mays and Junes Since Hanna moved
away
Flowers smell like halibut. Velvet feels like
hay. Every handsome dogs a mutt Since Hanna
moved away. Nothings fun to laugh
about. Nothings fun to play. They call me, but I
wont come out Since Hanna moved away. Judith
Viorst
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Litotes (pronounced lietotes)

• Understatement - basically the opposite of
  hyperbole. Often it is ironic.
• Ex Calling a slow moving person Speedy
• Ex"It's just a flesh wound."(Black Knight,
  after having both of his arms cut off, in Monty
  Python and the Holy Grail

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Hyperbole

• Hyperbole is a figure of speech which is an
  exaggeration. Persons often use expressions such
  as "I nearly died laughing," "I was hopping mad,"
  and "I tried a thousand times." Such statements
  are not literally true, but people make them to
  sound impressive or to emphasize something, such
  as a feeling, effort, or reaction.

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SIMILE

• A comparison of two things using like, as than,
  or resembles.
• She is as beautiful as a sunrise.

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I am hungry as a horse.
You run like a rabbit.
She is happy as a clam.
He is sneaky as a snake.
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Simile and Metaphor

• Similes are comparisons that use like or as.
  
  Her eyes are
  as green as emeralds. Clouds
  soft and fluffy like marshmallows.
• Martys feet stink like rotten fish.
• Metaphors are comparisons that say one thing is
  another.
  
• My fathers anger is a volcano about to blow.

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Metaphor

• A metaphor states that one thing is something
  else. It is a comparison, but it does NOT use
  like or as to make the comparison.
• Her hair is silk.

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The girl was a fish in the water.
The clown was a feather floating away.
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METAPHOR

• A direct comparison of two totally different
  things
• All the worlds a stage, and we are merely
  players.
• - William Shakespeare

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Mother To Son by Langston Hughes

• Well, son, Ill tell you
• Life for me aint been no crystal stair
• Its had tacks in it,
• And splinters,
• And boards torn up,
• And places with no carpet on the floor---
• Bare.
• But all the time
• Ise been a-climbin on,
• Ad reachen landins,
  
• And turnin corners, What is the metaphor?
• And sometimes goin in the dark What effect does
  it have?
• Where there aint been no light.

So boy, dont you turn back. Dont you set down
on the steps Cause you finds its kinder
hard. Dont you fall now--- For Ise still goin,
honey, Ise still climbin, And life for me
aint been no crystal stair.
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Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes

• Does it dry upLike a raisin in the sun?Or
  fester like a sore--And then run?Does it stink
  like rotten meat?Or crust and sugar over--like
  a syrupy sweet?Maybe it just sagslike a heavy
  load.Or does it explode?
• Find the similes and metaphors in this poem.

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IMPLIED METAPHOR

• The comparison is hinted at but not clearly
  stated.
• The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture
  venom, and the town swelled and puffed with the
  pressure of it.
• from The Pearl
• by John Steinbeck

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EXTENDED METAPHOR

• A metaphor that goes several lines or possible
  the entire length of a work.
• Ex Psalm 23

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Extended Metaphor Example

• Perfectionism
• A tyrant ruling over my kingdom
• I live in fear of his spite
• I put one toe out of place and shudder
• My fancy collides with my terror
• Darkness overcomes me and clouds my mind
• As I await my impending doom
• The tyrant spits at me, splicing my spirit
• An outpour of melancholy gloom
• His guillotine set in place
• He now plays the executioner
• I could not, for the life of me, meet his
  standards
• He forces my knees to the hard wooden floor
• My arms are tied back tight
• And I moan, tense and undone
• I finally dare to lift my eyes to his face
• And as the blade falls, I see the face is my own

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Metaphor
The field is a rainbow of colors.
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Simile
The trees are like a canopy protecting the road.
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The chuurch is like a magical castle in the
sky.
Simile
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The leaves are a blanket covering the ground.
Metaphor
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Simile
The lake is as a smooth as glass.
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Simile
The sun shone like a beacon in the night.
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Metaphor
The lake is a mirror of beauty.
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Simile
The island is like a star from the sky.
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Simile
The tree is like an oasis in the dessert.
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Metaphor
The clouds are balls of cotton.
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Simile or Metaphor????

• The baby was like an octopus, grabbing at all the
  cans on the grocery store shelves.
• As the teacher entered the room she muttered
  under her breath, "This class is like a
  three-ring circus!"
• The giants steps were thunder as he ran toward
  Jack.
• The pillow was a cloud when I put my head upon it
  after a long day.

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Simile or Metaphor????

• I feel like a limp dishrag.
• Those girls are like two peas in a pod.
• The fluorescent light was the sun during our
  test.
• No one invites Harold to parties because hes a
  wet blanket.
• The bar of soap was a slippery eel during the
  dogs bath.
• Ted was as nervous as a cat with a long tail in a
  room full of rocking chairs.

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Assignment

• Write
• I Cant Write a Poem poem
• OR
• Extended Metaphor poem

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I Cant Write a Poem

• Make a list of your favorite excuses/complaints
  you make every time your teacher asks you to
  write a poem. Add just the right title and ending
  and voila! Youve written a terrific list poem.
• I Cant Write a Poem
• Forget it.You must be kidding.Im still half
  asleep. My eyes keep closing. My brain isnt
  working. I dont have a pencil.I dont have any
  paper. My desk is wobbly.I dont know what to
  write about. And besides, I dont even know how
  to write a poem. Ive got a headache. I need to
  see the nurse. Times up? Uh oh! All I have is
  this dumb list of excuses. You like it? Really?
  No kidding. Thanks a lot. Would you like to see
  another one?
• To get started, start with "I Cant Write a Poem"
  as the title. Then come up with some excusesthe
  more ridiculous, the better. Then add the lines
  from "Times up?" to "Thanks a lot" from the poem
  above. Finally, come up with the last line on
  your own. By Bruce Lansky www.gigglepoetry.com

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Short Metaphorical Poem

• My mother is like an alarm clock.
• She wakes me up every morning.
• But she doesnt go, Beep! Beep! Beep!
• Instead, she yanks open my bedroom door and
  yells,
• Sleepyhead, get out of bed!
• My dog is like a cheetah.
• When someone leaves the door open,
• she springs out the door and runs down the street
  so fast
• no one can catch her without a helicopter and a
  tranquilizer gun.

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Simile and Metaphor Game

• Find a partner
• You have 5 minutes to come up with as many
  similes and metaphors for the word Mrs. Dennis
  gives you
• You will get 1 point for each simile and 2 points
  for each metaphor
• They must be written so that Mrs. Dennis can read
  them

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More practice

• http//languagearts.pppst.com/similes.html
• Click on practicing similes and metaphors.
• Practice with homophones, homographs, and
  similes. Fling the Teacher Game
  http//www.newton.k12.ks.us/tech/fling3.html
• www.gigglepoetry.com click on poetry class I
  cant write a poem or http//www.gigglepoetry.com
  /poetryclassdetail.aspx?LessonPlanID23
• www.gigglepoetry.com Short, metaphorical poem
  or http//www.gigglepoetry.com/poetryclassdetail.a
  spx?LessonPlanID48