1963,????????????,????????????,1960???????????????????,??????????????????,???????Canada Geographic Information System(CGIS)?????

1
???????????

• ?????????????,???????????????????
• (1)????,????????
• (2)????????,????
• (3)???????(?????????)?
• (4)?????,????
• (5)????????????????????????

2
1960?????

• 1957,?????????????????????????,???????,?????????
• 1960??????????
• 1963,????????????,????????????,1960???????????????
  ????,??????????????????,???????Canada Geographic
  Information System(CGIS)?????
• 1964,????????????????????(Harvard Laboratory for
  Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis)???????????
  ????????????????????????,?GIS???????????????1980??
  ????
• 1967,DIME-GBF(Dual Independent Map Encoding
  Geographic Based Files),???????????,???????,?1988?
  ???TIGER(Topologically Integrated Geographic
  Encoding and Referencing)??????????????????,??????
  ???????,?????GIS???????????????

3
70??????? 80?????????

• 60???70?????????
• 1969,Design With Nature(??????)??,Ian
  McHarg????????????????????,????????????GIS????????
  ??
• 1972,Landsat 1????,???????????????,???GIS????
• GIS?1970???????????????????????????????????,??????
  ?????
• 1980??????????(???)????,GIS?????????,???????????19
  81,?ARC/INFO??????GIS?????????,GIS????????????????
  ? 1985,GPS(Global Position System)????,?????,?????
  ?????

4
90??????? 21??????

• 1990???????????????,??????,????,????,GIS??????????
  ??????????,???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????
• 1994,NSDI(US National Spatial Data
  Infrastructure),OpenGIS Consortium?
• 1996,???Internet GIS??,MapQuest??????
• 21??GIS????,?????????,????????????
• ?????,??GIS,??????????????

5
??????????????

• GIS??????????,???????????????????????????
• ????????????CGIS(Canada Geographic Information
  System,CGIS,1960????)????????????,????????????????
  
• ?GIS???????????????????????????????(1960????1980??
  ?)??????????????
• ????????????????????(Design With Nature,
  McHarg, 1969,??????,????)?
• ????????GIS????(Environment Systems Research
  Institute, Inc., ESRI,1969???)??????????????

6
??????????? ????

• ???????????,?????????
• ??????,?????,??????????,???????????
• ??????????????
• ???,?????(?????)
• ????,????????????,??????
• ??????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????

7
????

• ?????????????????????,????,???????
• ?????????????????????????????????????,???????????
  ????
• ???????????,????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????,??????????

8
????????

• ????????
• ??National Spatial Data Infrastructure
• ??European Geographic Information
  Infrastructure
• ?????????
• ?????????????

9
????????? (Geographic Information System,GIS)

• ?????GIS???????????????
• ????????????????????????????????
• GIS??????
• (1)????????????????????
• (2)??????????????????(?????????)
• GIS?????????????????,??????,?????????????
• GIS?CAD???GIS???????,CAD????????,???????????

10

• ?????GIS?GIS????????????,????GIS????
• ??????????????????????????
• ???????????????,????,????,???????,
• ???????????GIS??????,??????,???????
• ?????????????,???????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????????????

11
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12
(No Transcript)
13
??
14
(No Transcript)
15
GIS????

• ??????????

16
4.2 ?????????
?????? ???? ???? ????????
? ???????? ????????? ????
? ???????? ????????? ??
?(???) ?????? ??????? ????????
???? ????? ????? ??????????
?????? ????? ???? ??????????
17
GIS ?????????????

• ???? (resource
  inventory)
• ???? (analysis of
  existing situations)
• ????? (modeling and
  projection)
• ?????? (development of
  planning options)
• ???? (selection of
  planning options)
• ???? (development
  permission)
• ?????????? (evaluation, monitoring feedback )

18
5 GIS???????

• ??????????????,????????????
• ????????????,?????????,?????????????????????GIS??C
  AD,?????????
• ?????????,????????,???????????
• ????,??????GIS?????????
• ???????????,????,?????1????
• ?????B?2?,???????????????