??????(???????)?????

1
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2

3
??? ????

• ?????
• ????
• ???????
• ????
• ??????
• ?????????

4

• ??????????
• ?????????????????
• ??????????
• ??????(???????)?????  (????????????)??????????????
  ????????????????,???????????????
• ????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????,?????(?
  ??)???????????????,???????????????????????

5

• ?????
• ??????,???????????
• ??????,??????????
• ?????????????????????????,????????????????(??????)
  ,?????????????,??????????????????????
• ??????????????,?????????,???????,????????????????,
  ???????????????????

6

• ??(Data)
• ?????????????????????,????????????,?????????????,?
  ?????????????????,????????????????

7

• ?????
• ????????????????????
• ??1?0,??????????????? ??????,??????(1??)?(0??
  )????
• ?????????,???????,?????????,?????????????????????,
  ?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ???????
• ???????????,?????????,???????????????????????

8

• ????
• ?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ???????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ?
• ????????,??????????????????????????,???????????,??
  ????????????????

9

• ???????
• ?????
• ??????,????????????????,??????????????????????
  ?
• ?????????
• ?????????????????????,???????????????????????,
  ???????????????????????
• ????????
• ????????????????????(??????)????(??????????)??
  ??(??????????)????(?????????)?????(??????????)????
  ??????????,???????????????
• ???????
• GIS???????????????,???????????????,???????????
  ?????????????????????????????,???80??????????????
  ?????

10
???GIS?

• ??????(GIS , Geographic Information
  System)??????????????,?????(?????)????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????,???????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• GIS??????????,??????????? ,????????????,??????,???
  ??????
• ??????????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ????????????

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A Definition of GIS

• GIS is a System of computer software, hardware
  and data, and personnel to help manipulate,
  analyze and present information that is tied to a
  spatial location.
• -- A method to visualize, manipulate,
  analyze, and display spatial data
• -- Smart Maps linking a database to the map

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What is NOT GIS

• GPS Global Positioning System
• A static map paper or digital
• Maps are often a product of a GIS
• A way to visualize the analysis
• A software package

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• ?????Geographical Information System
• ???Geomatigue
• ??Resource and Environmental Information System
• ????Geo-relational Information System
• ????Spatial Information System
• ????Natural Resources Information System
• Land Information System
• Transportation
  Geographical Information System
• ???? GeoScience
• ????Geographical Information Science(??)
• Geo-Information System
  (??)

14
????
????????
???? ????
?????? ??????
???? ?????
15
(No Transcript)
16
?????????

• ????????????????????????
• ?????????????,??????????,????????????????????????
  ???????????
• ???????????,???????,???????????????????????,??????
  ????????????????????????,??????????????,??????????
  ?????????,?????????????
• ??????????????????,??????????????????????,???????,
  ??????,????????????
• ???????????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????,?????????????????????????????????,??????????
  ???????????

17

• ???????????????
• ????????(Subject GIS)????????????????????????????
  ???,??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????
• ????????(Regional GIS)???????????????????????????
  ?????????
• ????????(GISTools)??????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????

18
GIS????????

• GIS???DBMS(???????),GIS?????????????????????????,?
  ?????????,?????????????????,??,GIS????????????DBMS
  ,GIS????DBMS?
• GIS???MIS(??????),GIS??????????????????????,GIS???
  ?????????????MIS???????????,???????,?????????,???
  ??????????????????????????MIS?????GIS,MIS???????DB
  MS?
• GIS????????,?????????????????????,????????,???????
  ??????????????????,?????????,???GIS???????
• GIS???CAD??,??????????,??????,?CAD????????????,???
  ???,???????????

19
??????(GIS)???????(MIS)
20
GIS?????????
????
???????
??????
???????
CAD/CAM
??????
??????
????
????
??GIS
???? ????
??GIS ??GIS
????
???? ????
?????GIS ?????GIS
??GIS
??GIS
??GIS
?-?GIS
21
???????????
22
???????????

• ??GIS???,??GIS???????
• ???????,GIS???????
• ??GIS???????
• ?????????????????
• ??GIS???????????,???GIS????????????
• ??GIS??????
• ?????????,????????????????????????GIS?????
  ,?GIS????????????

23
???????

• ??? ??(2??)
• ??? ??????(4 ??)
• ??? ??????(4??)
• ??? ?????(6??)
• ??? ?????????(4??)
• ??? GIS?????????(14??)
• ??? ??????????(2??)
• ??? ????????????(14??)
• ??? GIS??????????(2??)
• ?????(2??)

24
??????

• ????
• ????,??????,2000,?????
• ????
• ??? ????????,2001,?????
• ??? ????????,2001,?????
• ???,??????-????????,2001,???????
• ???,??????????,1994,???????
• ????,ArcView????????????, 2002,?????
• ???, ArcView????,2001,?????
• ?????????????????????(???)?????????????
  ????????????????

25
????

• http//www.gischina.com/
• http//www.gisky.com/
• http//www.gisempire.com/
• http//www.digitalearth.net.cn/
• http//www.digitalearth.gov/
• http//www.othermap.com/
• http//www.honox.com/

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GIS??

• ?????????
• GIS?????,?????????(???????)?????,GIS????
  ???????????????,??????????????????????????????????
  ????????????GIS????????,???????????,?????????????,
  ??????????,???????????????????,???????????????????
  ????????????????????GIS???????,???????????GIS?????
  ?

27
GIS??

• ???????????
• ???40??????,GIS????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????,???????,????90????,????????????,??????
  ???????,???????????????????????????,??????????????
  ???????????????????????????????GIS????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????

28
GIS??

• ???????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????

29
GIS??

• ?????
• ??????????,????????????,?????????????,
  ?????????,???????????????????????????????,????????
  ???,??????????????????????????????????

30
??? GIS?????

• ?????????
• ??????
• ???????????
•    ??????
• ????????????????
• ????????????????????GIS??????????,???????????

31

• ???????,19??????????????????????????????????,?????
  ??????????????????,?????????????????????????,?????
  ????
• ????50??,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????,???????????????????????,?????????????????
  ????

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• 1956?,????????????????????????,???????????????????
  ??????(LIS)???????
• 1963?,???????R.F.Tomlinson?????????????,??1971????
  ??????GIS?????????(CGIS),?????????????
• ??,?????????SYMAP?????????????????,??GIS??????????
  ?,???????????
• ????,?????GIS????????????,??,??1966???????????????
  (URISA),1969??????????????(NASIS)???????(IGU)?196
  8????????????????(CGDSP)??????????????GIS??,??GIS?
  ???????????

33

• ??????????????
• 60??????????????????????????????,?60?
  ???????????(CGIS),?70????????????????????????????
  ??????,??? ???????,??????????????
• 70???GIS?????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????,?????????????????????????????
• 80??????????????????????????,????????
  ?????,??????????????????
• 90?????????????????? ?????????????????,?????????,
  ????????????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ????????????(National
  Information Infrastructure ,??NII)
  ??????????,??????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????

34

• GIS??????
• ????1978??1980?,??????,??????,????????????????
• ????1981?? 1985?,????????????????????????????????
  
• ??????1986??90??????????????????
  ?????,??????????????,?????????????,???????
  ?????????
• ?????? 90?????????????,??????,??GIS?WEBGIS????,GI
  S???????

35
??? ?????????
??
36
???????
37
???????
38
??????
?? ???? ??
39
????????????
40
???????(???)
41
???????(?????)
42
???????(?????)
43
GIS?????

• ??
• ??
• ??
• ??
• ??

44
GIS?????????
????
????
???? ????
????
?????
???? ????
????
?? ???
????
????
?????
45
GIS????

• ??GIS(Professional GIS)
• ??GIS(Desktop GIS)
• ??GIS(Hand-Held GIS)
• ??GIS(Component GIS)
• GIS Viewer
• ??GIS(Internet GIS)
• ??(??CAD?GIS)

46
??GIS??
47
??? GIS???????????

• ?????????,??????????????,?????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????
• ???????(DBMS)????????(CAD)????????(CAM)???????(Com
  puter Graphics)???????GIS??????,????????????????,?
  ???GIS???.

48
(No Transcript)
49
??? ?????????

• ?????????????????GIS?????????????????????????????,
  ???????????????????????????????????
  ??????????,?????????????????????,????????? ???

50
Wherever Spatial Data Analys is Needed

• Emergency Services Fire Police
• Environmental Monitoring Modeling
• Business Site Location, Delivery Systems
• Industry Transportation, Communication,
• Mining, Pipelines, Healthcare
• Government Local, State, Federal, Military
• Education Research, Teaching Tool,
• Administration

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
53
??????????
54
??????
55
????????
56
??????????
????
??
???
????
????
57
????????