??????

1
????????21??????????

• ??????????
• ?? ?

http//www.yasuienv.net ???????????
2
Contents

• Introduction
• What is the Keyword? Sustainability
• Definition of Sustainability
• How to Measure Development?
• Transitions in Environment, Japanese Case
• Analysis for Transitions in Environment
• Environmental Kuznets Curve
• CO2 Emission
• Energy Use
• EcoPremium A New Life Style
• Conclusions

3
Definition of Sustainability

• Two Kinds of Definitions
• UN Brundtland Type
• Corporate Social Responsibility Type

4
Brundtland Type Definition

• "Sustainable Development is Development that
  meets the needs of the present without
  compromising the ability of future generations to
  meet their own needs. It is not a fixed state of
  harmony, but rather a process of change in which
  the exploitation of resources, the direction of
  investments, the orientation of technological
  development, and institutional change are made
  consistent with future as well as present needs."
  (Brundtland Report 1987)

5
Green Sustainability Different Views
Economic Aspects
Social Aspects
Resource Factor
Resource Consumption
Human Health
Overcome Poverty
Fairness Justice
Limitation of Earth
Ecological Impact
Case for Japan
Eco-System Factor
Human Equity
6
Sustainability Triple Bottom Line
Start Point
Social Aspects
Economic Aspects
Environmental Aspects
7
Transition of Society from Non Sustainable to
Sustainable
Social Aspects
Economic Aspects
Social Aspects
Economic Aspects
Environmental Aspects
Environmental Aspects
8
International Framework forSustainable
DevelopmentGoals and Targets
9
Millennium Development Goals

• The Millennium Development Goals are an ambitious
  agenda for reducing poverty and improving lives
  that world leaders agreed on at the Millennium
  Summit in September 2000. For each goal one or
  more targets have been set, most for 2015, using
  1990 as a benchmark

10
8 Goals in MDG

• 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• 2. Achieve universal primary education
• 3. Promote gender equality and empower women
• 4. Reduce child mortality
• 5. Improve maternal health
• 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
• 7. Ensure environmental sustainability
• 8. Develop a global partnership for development

11
18 Targets and 48 IndicatorsGoal 7 Ensure
environmental sustainability

• Target 9 Integrate the principles of sustainable
  development into country policies and programmes
  and reverse the loss of environmental resources
• 25. Proportion of land area covered by forest
• 26. Land area protected to maintain biological
  diversity
• 27. GDP per unit of energy use (as proxy for
  energy efficiency)
• 28. Carbon dioxide emissions (per capita)
• Plus two figures of global atmospheric
  pollution ozone depletion and the accumulation
  of global warming gases

12
How to Measure Development?

• Economical Development?
• GDP and Others
• Economy Related Other Indicators?
• Such as Energy Use per Capita
• Human Development?
• By UNDP

13
Human Development

• "The basic purpose of development is to enlarge
  people's choices. In principle, these choices can
  be infinite and can change over time. People
  often value achievements that do not show up at
  all, or not immediately, in income or growth
  figures greater access to knowledge, better
  nutrition and health services, more secure
  livelihoods, security against crime and physical
  violence, satisfying leisure hours, political and
  cultural freedoms and sense of participation in
  community activities. The objective of
  development is to create an enabling environment
  for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative
  lives."
• Mahbub ul Haq

14
How Can We Measure HD?

• What is the human development index (HDI)
  developed by UNDP?The HDI human development
  index is a summary composite index that
  measures a country's average achievements in
  three basic aspects of human development
  longevity, knowledge, and a decent standard of
  living.
• Longevity is measured by life expectancy at
  birth knowledge is measured by a combination of
  the adult literacy rate and the combined primary,
  secondary, and tertiary gross enrolment ratio
  and standard of living by GDP per capita (PPP
  US).

15
WSSD Plan of Implementation
in Johannesburg 2002

• Poverty eradication
• Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption
  and production
• Protection and managing the natural resource base
  of economic and social development
• Sustainable development in a globalizing world
• Health and sustainable development

16
Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption
and production

• All countries should promote sustainable
  consumption and production patterns, with the
  developed countries taking the lead
• Encourage and promote the development of a 10
  -year framework of programmes.
• Develop production and consumption policies to
  improve the products and services provided, while
  reducing environmental and health impacts, using,
  where appropriate, science-based approaches, such
  as life-cycle analysis..

17
Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption
and production

• Enhance corporate environmental and social
  responsibility and accountability.
• Prevent and minimize waste and maximize reuse,
  recycling and use of environmentally friendly
  alternative materials.
• Promote an integrated approach to policy -making
  at the national, regional and local levels for
  transport services and systemsEco-friendly Cars
• Sound management of chemicals throughout their
  life cycle and of hazardous wastes..

18
Transitions in Environment Japanese Case
19
Minamata Disease

• Minamata disease is the name given to mercury
  toxicosis (poisoning) that developed in people
  who ate contaminated seafood taken from Minamata
  Bay and adjacent coastal waters. Methyl mercury
  was dumped into the sea as an unwanted by-product
  of acetaldehyde processing at the Chisso Company
  Limited industrial plant in Minamata from 1931 to
  1966.
• As of 31 March 1993, the official government
  tally of confirmed victims was 2,255 (both living
  and dead) with 2,376 others who are still seeking
  to be classified as victims. The number of
  persons refused certification has climbed to
  12,503. The actual total of victims is
  undoubtedly larger than the official figures
  because an unknown number of people died from the
  disease without certification or chose not to
  apply for certification.

20
Minamata on the Mend

• The Ministry of Environment finally declared
  Minamata Bay safe in 1997, after a 48.5 billion
  (394 million)-effort to dredge or contain in
  landfill the mercury accumulated at the bottom of
  the bay (1983).
• Now, drawing on its experience of suffering and
  recovery, Minamata is spreading a message to
  developing countries, particularly in Asia, not
  to repeat Japan's mistake.

21
Dioxin POPs
Environmental Problems and Time Constants in Japan
Air Pollution
EDC Problem
Depletion of Ozone Layer
Water Sea Pollution
Soil Sediment Pollution
Resource Energy Consumption
Global Warming
1970 2000
2050
22
Air Pollution NOx
concentration

1. 1980 1990
   2000

23
of Points for Measurement where concentration
exceeded the environmental standard limits
Pb CN
Cd
As
PCB
Cr

• 1970 1975 1980 1985
  1990 1995

24
Years of Life Lost by Daily Risks by WHO
25
Infant Mortality Rates and Foetal Death Rates in
Japan/Tokyo from 1899 to 1998
200/1000
3/1000
26
Risk Ranking for Chemicals in Loss of Life (days)
Smoking all
Smoking Lung Cancer
Passive Smoking
Diesel SPM
Passive Smoking LC
???
Radon
Formaldehyde
Dioxin
Cadmium Arsenic Toluene
27
Emission of Dioxin and Related Chemicals to
Environmet
28
Change of Dioxin Conc. in Mother Milk
29
Transition of Life Expectancy at Birth in Japan
Women
Men
30
GDP vs. Life Expectancy
31
GDP vs. Life Expectancy
32
(No Transcript)
33
Analysis for Transitions in Environment

• Environmental Kuznets Curves
• SOx is a typical environmental pollutant to fit
  the Kuznets Curve.

34
GDP per capita vs. SOx Concentration
Environmental Kuznets Curve after Prof. SIMON
KUZNETS
35

• Then how about other emissions and use of
  resources ?
• (1) Energy Use
• (2) CO2
• (3) Waste and Material Use

36
(No Transcript)
37
Costa Rica
38
Costa Rica
39
Costa Rica
40
A Scenario for Oil Production
41
Newly Found and Production of Oil
42
Long Term Trend of Oil Consumption
43

• Then how about other emissions and use of
  resources ?
• (1) Energy Use
• (2) CO2
• (3) Waste and Material Use

44
Scenario by IPCC. B1 is the Target?
Emission
B1
45
Increase in Temperature
B1
46
Total CO2 Emission(Global)
Now
JAPAN
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070
2080
47
A Trend Model for Environment Load in Japan
Japanese Model
Now
Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission
Environment Load
Target
1970
Pollution, General
Economical Scale, such as GDP
48
???????? Premium

• ????????? Brand Premium
• ???????????????????????
• ???????? Ultra Small-size Premium
• ??????????????
• ?????????? Comfortable Premium
• ???????????????
• ???????? Long-Life Premium
• ???????????????????
• ???????? Hand-made Premium
• ????????????
• ??????? Eco-Premium
• ??????????????????

49
???????Eco-Premium

• ???????????????
• Resource Productivity, Energy Productivity
• ???????????????
• ?????????????????
• ????
• ??????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????????

50
????????50???
In less than 50 years, we must fulfill the goal,
lt???????????gt ????????4??????(2?)????(2?)
lt????????gt ????? 8? 2? 2? 2?
?????? ???? ????
Energy Productivity x4 Technology (x2) x Life
Style(x2)
Resource Productivity x8 Long Life (x2) x
Life Style(x2)
x Recycle Tech.etc., (x2)
51
An Example New Prius

• Hybrid Motor Vehicle by TOYOTA

Engine
Power Splitter
Generator
Ni-H Battery
Inverter
Motor
Transmission for Hybrid
52
Comparison of CO2 Emission New Prius and
Equivalent
tons
Assumptions 100,000km Driven in Tokyo Fuel
Consumption 18km/L for Prius, 8km/L for Others
53
Energy Efficiency of New Prius
Overall EE in
Fuel E
Car E
Gasoline
Prius 1
Prius 1MC
New Prius
FCHV Now
FCHV F
54
????????? Hydrogen Energy Doubtful

• ??
• ???????????????Not Primary Energy
• ??????????????????Media to Store.
• ??????????????????? Liquid Fuel.
• ??????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????? Infra
  Structure for H2.
• ????????????????????????????????????? No
  Technological Merit.
• ????????????? No Environmental Merit.
• ?????????????!

55
???????????Eco-Kyuto Hot Water Apparatus
Heat Pump Type
?????????????????????
56
??? ?????
Washer Dryer CO2 Emission kg/kg Cloths
??????????????
WaterWash
WaterDry
ElectricityWash
ElectricityDry
57
?????????????Environmental Information by House
Hold Appriances
Cloth Weight

• ????2.5kg????
• ????????????
• ????22g??12g???10g
• ????500g??30g???470g

Todays CO2 Emission Wash22g Water12g
Electricity 10g Dry 500g Water30g
Electricity 470g
58
????????????Exchange of Information by
Eco-Premium Products
???
??
???
?????
Sustainability
Information
??
??
???
???
??
Consumers
Products
??
Satisfaction
59
???????????!We have to make discussion with
future perspectives
In the year of 2050
60
???????????Sharing Responsibility by Citizens
and Corporations to Change Society

• ??(Corporation) ???????????
• Enough Environmental Information
• ????????????? Responsibility to Lead
  the Society
• ???????????????
• Too Advanced, then some Risks
• ??(Citizen)????????????????
• Not Enough and Distorted Information
  
• ??????????
• Sometimes take Waving Courses

61
??????? ???Best Strategy for Corporation
Walk half step ahead
FINAL GOAL
??????? Citizens Society
????????? Advanced Corporations in
Environmental Management
?????????? Backward Corporations in
Environmental Management
62
?? Conclusions

• 21??????????????????????????????????
• Competition between Limitation of the Earth
  and Scale of Human Activities
• ????????????????????
• Nobody can escape from this condition.
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• Accept this condition and consider the next
  action is a duty for intellectual persons.
• ??????????????????????????
• Only human beings can have future perspectives.