GTECH 361

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GTECH 361

• Lecture 09Features in the Geodatabase

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Todays Contents

• Creating simple features
• Editing coincident features
• Creating annotation features

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Creating Simple Features

• Features class geometry
• Multi-part features
• Splitting features
• Splitting lines
• Splitting polygons
• Combining features
• Merge
• Union
• Intersect
• Auto-complete polygons

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Feature Class Geometry
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Multi-part Features
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Splitting Lines
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Splitting Polygons
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Merge
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Union
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Intersect
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Auto-complete Polygons
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Editing Coincident Features

• Creating map topology
• Preventing editing errors
• Editing nodes and edges
• Moving an edge or node
• Reshaping an edge
• Modifying an edge
• Example implementing a geodatabase

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Editing Errors

• Creating topology to prevent editing errors

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Adjacency Common Border

• The primary purpose of a topology is to define
  spatial relationships between features

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Preserving Coincidence
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Preserving Connectivity
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Common Topology Elements

• Both edge and node are treated as single elements
• Multiple copies of them stored in the geodatabase
  are moved as if they were one

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Storage of Shared Feature Parts in the Geodatabase
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Editing Nodes and Edges

• Moving an edge or node
• The edge is rubber-banded
• Modifying an edge
• Reshaping an edge

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Creating Annotation Features

• What are annotation feature classes
• What are annotation classes
• Types of geodatabase annotations
• Standard
• Feature-linked
• Dimensioning

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Geodatabase Annotation Functionality
Arc View Create and edit standard annotation. View feature-linked and dimension annotation
ArcEditor ArcInfo Create and edit standard, feature-linked, and dimension annotation. Ability to create multiple annotation classes for an annotation feature class
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Annotation Feature Classes

• Are like other geodatabase feature classes they
  have
• Attributes that define how text is displayed
• Spatial reference
• Can be added as a layer to ArcMap
• Can be created from labels, or are
• Created in ArcCatalog from scratch

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Annotation Feature Classes
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Annotation Classes

• All annotation feature classes have at least one
  annotation class
• Text symbology
• Alignment
• With ArcEditor or ArcInfo
• Multiple annotation classes within one annotation
  feature class to
• Specify different annotation display properties
  for different types of features

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Annotation Types

• Standard annotation
• Feature-linked annotation
• Dimension annotation

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Standard Annotation

• Like labels with georeference

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Feature-linked
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Dimensioning
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Summary of Today

• A geodatabase feature class can store point,
  multipoint, line, or polygon features. Multipart
  features and features with true curves are also
  supported
• You can create new features by digitizing or by
  using ArcMap editing tools such as Merge and
  Union. Features can also be created as the output
  from geoprocessing operations, such as clip
• When editing features, you can maintain their
  spatial relationships by creating a map topology.
  Once you've created a map topology, you can use
  ArcMap's topology editing tools to maintain
  coincidence between parts of features within a
  single feature class or among multiple feature
  classes
• There are three types of geodatabase annotation
  standard, feature-linked, and dimension
  annotation. All annotation feature classes
  contain at least one annotation class

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The GIS Process
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The GIS Process

1. Defining the problem/question and information
   products
2. Estimating costs and benefits (establishing
   initial justification)
3. Inferring GIS functionality requirements and
   processes
4. Establishing quality control parameters and
   procedures
5. Establishing resource allocations and timetable
6. Carrying out GIS procedures
7. Evaluation
8. Report details regarding the management of
   project, data sources, processes involved,
   outputs, outcomes, etc.
9. Archive digital information representing data and
   analysis

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Typical GIS capabilities

• Vector GIS
• Reclassify, dissolve, merge
• Topological analysis
• Buffering
• Measurements
• Operations on surfaces
• Network analysis

• Raster GIS
• Local operations
• Recoding
• Overlaying layers
• Operations on local neighborhoods
• Operations on extended neighborhoods
• Operations on zones

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Data model-dependent classificationafter
Goodchild
points techniques used to analyze an
undifferentiated set of points, e.g. point
pattern analysis spatial objects with
attributes techniques that analyze an attribute
matrix, and reduce space to a square matrix of
spatial relationships between pairs of objects,
e.g. measures of adjacency or proximity networks
of links and nodes a range of techniques for
analyzing networks in transportation and
hydrology, based on attributes of network links
and nodes spatial interaction models models of
the interaction between pairs of objects, based
on an analysis of the characteristics of origin
objects, destination objects, and the spatial
separation between them raster
techniques methods of analysis based on the
representation of continuous layers as rasters of
cells, and supported by the so-called raster GISs.
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OGIS Reference Model
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Solicited Categorizationof GIS Operations

• Visualize / Show
• Encode
• Find
• Monitor
• Create
• Combine
• Allocate
• Determine

• Aggregate/Summarize
• Compare
• (partial) Select
• Substitute
• Derive
• Correct
• Evaluate

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Goals or "meta tasks" as they are used by expert
GIS users
INVENTORY Locates, counts, or records items w/o
having any implications concerning
desirability RESOURCE Desirable, useful, or
limited phenomenon to be conserved or
protected RESTRICTION Constraint that limits the
availability, desirability, or location of a
target or resource REFERENCE Provides spatial
control or anchor for locating features in other
roles PREDICTION Attribute values correlated with
the presence of target phenomena THREAT Phenomena
that may injure, destroy, or have other negative
effects TARGET Desired or valued phenomenon to be
found or located SOLUTION Composite result of
analysis, embodies the application of analysis
criteria
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Confirmed Image Schemata
Spatial Relations coincide, overlaps, near/far,
adjacent, separates/connects, subdivided,
contain, above/below (concerning the model rather
than real world phenomena) Logical
Relations part-of/consists-of, is-a, has-a,
same/different Procedural Relations causes/caused
-by, stands-for, abstracted-to
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Operations to be hidden from the user
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A first compilation of user-oriented GIS
operations
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