Hayward Gordon Ltd. Chem Systems Division

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Hayward Gordon Ltd.Chem Systems Division
Where Polymer is Used and Why
North American Sales Meeting Monday April 25,
2005
Presented By Peter Serwotka
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Some Definitions

• POLYMER - A long chain molecule formed by the
  union of many monomers.
• MONOMER - A molecule of low molecular weight
  capable of reacting with identical or different
  monomers to form polymers.
• IONIC - Refers to either a positive cationic
  () or negative anionic (-) electrical charge
  treatment put onto the polymer.
• ORGANIC A substance that comes from animal or
  plant sources (carbon based). A polymer can be
  either organic or inorganic.

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Why are Polymers Used?(in water treatment)

• Contain ionizable functional groups and are
  water-soluble.
• Provides the charge neutralization necessary for
  coagulation.
• Many different polymer variations are available
  which can be specifically tailored to the
  process.

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What is a Polymer?
Monomer
Homopolymer
Copolymer
Chemical Substitution
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Examples of Monomers
CH3
CH
CH2
C
CH2
C O
CO
O -
n
O-
Polyacrylate
n
Polymethacrylate
CH2
CH
CH2
CH
C O
C O
OH
NH2
n
Acrylate Acrylamide Copolymer
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Example - Mannich Polymer
High Cationic Charge 3D Structure
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Example - Mannich Polymer Physical Properties
Charge Density Very High Cationic Specific Gravity 1.071 g/ml
Molecular Weight 1 2 million Density 8.93 lbs./gal
Solids 3.9 Freeze Point 32 F/0 C
Carrier water Flash Point gt200 F/93 C
Viscosity 38,000 cps pH 10.0
High Viscosity Solution Polymer DIMAM
Acrylamide (tertiary amine substitution)
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Demineralizers
Dust Control
Influent Clarification
Condensate
Res-Q
Smelt Spouts
Boiler Feedwater
Reverse Osmosis
Color Removal
Waste Clarifier
Cooling Towers
Mill Supply Corrosion
Dewatering
Closed cooling
OPPORTUNITIES!!!
Dissolving Tank Vent Scrubbers
Foam Control
Bioaugmentation
Boiler Internal
Non-condensible gas scrubber
Ash Sluice Systems
Softeners
Boiler Fireside
Bark Boiler Scrubbers
Mill Supply Biological
Condensate Polishers
Coal Flow Aids
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Influent Clarification
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Influent Water Treatment
Flash Mixer
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Unit Operations in Water Treatment

• Clarification / Filtration
• Disinfection
• Coagulation
• Flocculation
• Sedimentation
• Filtration

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Purpose of Coagulation

• Aids in the settling and separation of suspended
  particulate matter
• Removal of color and turbidity from the water
• Functions by charge neutralization and by forming
  insoluble hydrolized precipitates that entrap and
  settle with particles

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Coagulation Process
Charge Neutralization
Coagulant Polymer
Similar Charged Particles Repel Each Other



























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Coagulants

• IC Inorganic Coagulants
• Salts of aluminum or iron (alum, PAC or ferric
  salts)
• PC Polymeric Coagulants
• Organic - water soluble cationic polymers
• polyamines, DADMAC, Mannich
• CDP Custom Designed Blends of organic and
  inorganic coagulants

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Organic Coagulant Characteristics

• Low molecular weight cationic polymers
• Almost always supplied as a neat solution.
• Often very high charge substitutions
• Usage rate at 2- 25 ppm
• Typically a dilution pump skid is all the
  equipment that is necessary.
• Relatively low viscosity compared to flocculants

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Dual Progressive Cavity (dilution) Skid

• Typical coagulant polymer pump skid.
• Progressive cavity most common style of pump
• Variable speed for controlled metering of neat
  polymer solution
• Adjustable dilution water with in-line mixing

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Unit Operations in Water Treatment

• Clarification / Filtration
• Disinfection
• Coagulation
• Flocculation
• Sedimentation
• Filtration

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Influent Water Treatment Locations
FLOCCULANT
CHLORINATION
TREATMENT
COAGULANT
CLARIFIER
CLEARWELL
TO PROCESS
SLUDGE
RIVER
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Flocculation

• Process is achieved with a high molecular weight
  cationic or anionic polymer, typically a
  polyacrylamide (PAM).
• Further agglomerates the destabilized
  (coagulated) particulate
• Enhances settling by making particles larger
• Application dosages 0.2 to 0.5 ppm
• Added after coagulation - to center well of
  clarifier
• Accomplished with either emulsion or dry powder
  polymer products

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Two Primary Forms of Flocculants

• Dry Polymers
• Conveying
• Wetting
• Dust handling
• 60 mins aging

• Liquid Emulsion Polymers
• Inversion (Breaking)
• Mixing
• Hydration (Aging)
• 20 mins aging

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Emulsion What is it??
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Inversion or Activation





BEFORE
AFTER
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Key Elements of a Liquid Emulsion Polymer System
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Emulsion Polymer System

• Activator Series
• For emulsion polymers
• Accurate metering of neat emulsion
• Inverts polymer from oil phase to water phase in
  Activation Loop
• Dilutes neat product with water to final
  concentration

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Key Elements of a Dry Polymer System
AGITATOR OPTIONAL
POLYMER
WATER
TO PROCESS
CONVEYING WETTING MIXING AGING
RUN TANK
DELIVERY HANDLING AND METERING
PUMPING
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Dry Polymer Systems

• ChemVac System
• Dry cationic or anionic powders
• Wetting out is accomplished with unique mixing
  head assembly
• Aging of polymer is required
• Typical of larger installations

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Typical Waste Treatment Plant
To
Primary
Secondary
Biobasin
River
Clarifier
Clarifier
Return Activated Sludge
(RAS)
Primary
Waste Activated Sludge (WAS)
Sludge
POLYMER
POLYMER
Sludge
Rotary Screen
FKC Screw
Blend Tank
Thickener
Press
b
Pressate
Bunker
Collection
Tank
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ChemVac Mixer Assembly
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Polymer Product Summary

• CI inorganic cationic
• CL liquid cationic
• AE anionic emulsion
• CE cationic emulsion
• AP anionic powder
• CP cationic powder

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Polymer System Makedown Requirements
Product Recommended Makedown Concentration, Makedown Concentration Max Min Recommended Mix time (min) Minimum Mix time (min) Typical Viscosity _at_ 0.5, (cPs) Molecular Wt X 106
Cationic Liquid (solution polymer) (a) (b) - - 250-5000 (neat solution) 0.01-0.50
Cationic Liquid (Mannich solution polymer) 201 dilution 10/201 dilution (b) - - 17000-40000 (neat solution) 1.00-2.00
Cationic Emulsion 0.75 1.50-0.75 30 (c) 15 (c) 1000-6000 8.0-10.0
Cationic Emulsion 1.00 1.50-0.75 30 (c) 15 (c) 500-2000 4.0-8.0
Cationic Powder 0.50 0.75 (b) 90 60 700-2000 9.0-14.0
Cationic Powder 0.50 0.75 (b) 45 20 1100 3.0-8.0
Anionic Emulsion 0.75 1.00-0.50 30 (c) 15 (c) 1100-4000 3.523.0
Anionic Powder 0.25 0.50 (b) 60 45 1500-3000 3.5-5.0
Organic Particulate (emulsion) 1.00 2.00-0.50 30 (c) 15 (c) (d) (d)

• Dilution is recommended but not required. These
  polymers may be fed neat to areas with extremely
  good mixing
• No lower limits exist. Determine by evaluating
  tank size and pump capacity
• With automatic makedown units, emulsion polymers
  need 15-30 min aging time. Additional mixing is
  recommended but not required. No aging or
  additional mixing is necessary for clarification
  applications.
• Data not available